Individuals in Schools

NEEDS：

Hierarchy of Needs: Basic Needs

Three fundamental postulates Individual needs are universal and arranged in a hierarchy. Unfilled needs lead individuals to focus exclusively on those needs. Lower-level needs must be largely satisfied before higher-level needs can be felt and pursued.

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Assumptions: 1.There are two separate sets of factors in explaining work satisfaction and dissatisfaction. 2.Motivators tend to produce satisfaction and hygiene factors tend to produce dissatisfaction.3.Work satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not opposites,but rather separate and distinct dimensions.

Need for Achievement

Need for Autonomy

Origins perceive of themselves as the origin or source of their intentions to act.

Pawns see themselves in a game controlled by others and powerless to determine their actions.

Beliefs：

·Beliefs about Causality

·Beliefs about Ability

·Beliefs about Fairness

·Beliefs about Outcomes

·Beliefs about Capability

Goal-Setting Theory：

Motivation An internal state that stimulates ,directs, and maintains behavior.

案例分析： P170

根據(jù)案例背景作為選擇并列理論的原因

薄弱學(xué)校 城市學(xué)校 角色期待（外界沖突 社會(huì)認(rèn)知） 從背景——心理層面

Q1:Y變量中學(xué)生占大多數(shù)，老師只有部分因變量

促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)展：參與、出勤率（當(dāng)下目標(biāo)）；成績(jī)

大量學(xué)生不來(lái)，早餐服務(wù)都不來(lái)，學(xué)校沒(méi)有吸引力