連續(xù)11天不睡覺，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？

stay awake for 264 hours

to see how he'd cope without sleep

On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing.

第二天：眼神渙散，視線變模糊

lost the ability to identify objects by touch

By day three, he was moody and uncoordinated.

第三天：喜怒無常，身體不協(xié)調(diào)

At the end of the experiment

he was struggling to concentrate

注意力不集中

had trouble with short-term memory

短期記憶力退化

became paranoid

偏執(zhí)暴躁

started hallucinating

出現(xiàn)幻覺

（無心學(xué)習(xí) 腦子不轉(zhuǎn) 目光呆滯 忘記中午吃的什么

（仿佛這一天只是為了在等待夜晚的降臨 繼續(xù)熬夜

recovered without long-term psychological or physical damage

（長(zhǎng)期熬夜會(huì)對(duì)身心造成無法挽回的傷害

(cause irreversible damage to body and mind/physical and mental health)

Losing shuteye can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, and in extreme cases, death.

失眠會(huì)導(dǎo)致荷爾蒙分泌失調(diào)、疾病、甚至死亡

We're only beginning to understand...

to begin with

Sleep is essential.

Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night.

We grow sleepy due to signals from our body telling our brain we are tired, and signals from the environment telling us it's dark outside.

The rise in sleep-inducing chemicals like adenosine（腺苷酸） and melatonin（褪黑激素）, send us into a light doze that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate slow down and our muscles relax.

This non-REM sleep is when DNA is repaired and our bodies replenish (重新裝滿) themselves for the day ahead.

REM 快速眼動(dòng)

It’s estimated that ...

This isn't just a minor inconvenience. 這不只是件小事

be regularly sleep-deprived 經(jīng)常睡眠不足

Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm.

When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction time are affected.

睡眠不足會(huì)影響學(xué)習(xí)、記憶、心情、反應(yīng)時(shí)間。

Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation (發(fā)炎), hallucinations, high blood pressure, and it's even been linked to diabetes and obesity.

a devoted soccer fan

While his untimely death was due to a stroke（中風(fēng)）, studies show that chronically sleeping fewer than six hours a night increases stroke risk by four and half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of shuteye.

For a handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic mutation, sleeplessness is a daily reality.

全球有極少數(shù)人天生有一種罕見的基因突變，失眠是他們的家常便飯。

This condition, known as Fatal Familial Insomnia, places the body in a nightmarish state of wakefulness, forbidding it from entering the sanctuary of sleep.

Within months or years, this progressively worsening condition leads to dementia（癡呆） and death.

經(jīng)年累月下來

How can sleep deprivation cause such immense suffering?

Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste products in the brain.

During our waking hours

be busing doing

use up our day's energy sources 消耗

be broken down into

byproducts 代謝物；副產(chǎn)品

clear away

build up

As adenosine builds up, it increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure.

Caffeine works by blocking adenosine's receptor pathways.

阻斷腺苷酸接收的途徑

They collectively overload the brain.

Waste products in the brain are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms of sleep deprivation.

What's happening in our brain when we sleep to prevent this?

The glymphatic system 腦部淋巴系統(tǒng)

a clean-up mechanism that removes this buildup and is much more active when we're asleep.

serve as ...

have recently been discovered

play a role in doing

clearing out the brain's daily waste products

continue doing

the restorative mechanisms behind sleep

睡眠修復(fù)機(jī)制

We can be sure that slipping into slumber is a necessity if we want to maintain our health and our sanity.