passage5

?注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

????????If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition-wealth. distinction. control over one's destiny-must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behal. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.In an odd way, however,?it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal .What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped-with the educated themselves riding on them.

????????Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.?Summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is,"Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."

????????? ??The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public de fenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse,a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States.This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly.Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是一篇關(guān)于如何正確看待雄心壯志的文章。文章先是表達(dá)了對(duì)雄心壯志的正確看法，接著批判了一些人對(duì)雄心壯志所持有的虛偽態(tài)度，同時(shí)也暗示雄心壯志是一種健康的追求，人們應(yīng)該正確對(duì)待它。

第一段：押擊了一些受過教育的人對(duì)雄心壯志所持有的虛偽態(tài)度，主要使用說理和比喻論證方法。

第二段：指出人們的雄心壯志依然存在，只是人們不愿公開承認(rèn)自己的夢(mèng)想。該段使用舉例論證。

第三段：指出由于人們支持較少，雄心壯志被迫轉(zhuǎn)入地下的狀況，并暗示人們應(yīng)該正確看待雄心壯志。

27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if________.

[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices?

[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power

[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material?

[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous

27.人們普遍認(rèn)為，雄心壯志可能受到好評(píng)，如果________。

【A】其收益充分地補(bǔ)償了所作出的犧牲

【B】它以金錢、名譽(yù)和權(quán)力作為回報(bào)

【C】其目標(biāo)是精神上的而不是物質(zhì)上的

【D】它是富人和名人共享的

28.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.

[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out?

[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal?

[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

28.第一段最后一句話最有可能暗示。

【A】受過教育的人習(xí)慣于口頭上接棄雄心壯

【B】雄心壯志一旦被釋放出來，再想抑制則為時(shí)已晚

【C】在目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)后否認(rèn)雄心壯志是不誠實(shí)的

【D】對(duì)受過教育者來說，享受雄心壯志帶來的益處是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的

29.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.

[A] they think of it as immoral?

[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth?

[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits?

[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

29.有些人不公開承認(rèn)他們有雄心壯志是因?yàn)椤?/span>

【A】他們將此看作是不道德的

【B】他們追求的不是名譽(yù)和財(cái)富

【C】雄心壯志與物質(zhì)利益沒有密切的聯(lián)系

【D】他們不想顯得貪婪與可鄙

30.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.

[A] secretly and vigorously?

[B] openly and enthusiastically

[C] easily and momentarily

[D] verbally and spiritually

30.從最后一段可以推出的結(jié)論是，雄心壯志應(yīng)該被保持。

【A】秘密而精力充沛地

【B】公開熱情地

【C】輕松而暫時(shí)地

【D】口頭上和精神上地

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

1.acquisitive a.渴求獲取財(cái)物的，貪婪的；

acquire v.獲得，得到，取得

2.angle

n.角，角度;立場(chǎng)；

vt.從某一特定角度提出，以某觀點(diǎn)提供信息

3.distinction?

n.（相似事物之間的）差別，區(qū)別，不同

n.（事物或人按其質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)、等級(jí)等的）區(qū)分，區(qū)別對(duì)待

4.exceptional

a.非常好的，杰出的

例：exceptional talent as a musician非凡的音樂才能

a.罕見的，不尋常的

例：in exceptionalcircumstances在特殊情況下

5.formulation?

n.制定，規(guī)劃，構(gòu)想

例：the formulation of a policy政策的制訂

n.明確的表達(dá)，確切的闡述；

formulate v.制定，規(guī)劃，構(gòu)想；確切地表達(dá)、闡述

6.get on in life

出人頭地；

get on發(fā)跡，出人頭地

例：He will get on in the world.他會(huì)在社會(huì)地位方面出人頭地。

7.hypocrisy

n.偽善；虛偽

例：It'ssheer hypocrisy for politicians to preach about family valueswhen so many of them are having affairs.

偽善的政客們口口聲聲宣揚(yáng)家庭道德觀，而他們中有很多人卻大搞婚外戀。

hypocritical a.虛偽的，偽善的

8.note?

n.筆記，記錄

n.特征，口氣

9.odd

a..奇特的，異常的，古怪的

例：an odd character古怪的性格

a.單只的，不成對(duì)的

例：an odd shoe單只鞋

a.奇數(shù)的，單數(shù)的（不能被2整除的）

例：odd number奇數(shù)even number偶數(shù)

[數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)語]

10.profess?

vt. 妄稱；偽稱；聲稱{反面詞性}

例：She still professes her innocence.

她仍然聲稱自己無辜。

vt.宣稱，公開表明{正面詞性}

例：He professed his admiration for their work.

他表示欽佩他們的工作。

詞根fess意為to speak“說”，如：confess

11.pushing?

a.推的，推進(jìn)的

a.有進(jìn)取心的，有事業(yè)心的，充滿干勁的【作褒義時(shí)】

a.莽撞的，一意孤行的【作貶義時(shí)】

12.regard

vt.將……認(rèn)為；把……視為；看待

常與as連用，regard A as B，把A當(dāng)做B。前面的幾篇文章中出現(xiàn)look A as B也是這個(gè)的同義替換?？佳形恼乱步?jīng)常用這個(gè)形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，B被看做了A，B is regarded as A。

三、閱讀答案：A?C?D?B

四、全文翻譯：?

????????????如果要正確看待雄心壯志的話，那么它帶來的回報(bào)——財(cái)富、聲譽(yù)、對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的掌控——?jiǎng)t應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是值得人們?yōu)閷?shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)而做出犧牲的。如果雄心壯志的傳統(tǒng)要繼續(xù)保持活力，那么它就應(yīng)該受到廣泛的推崇，尤其應(yīng)該受到那些受人仰慕的人們的高度重視，而那些受過教育的人更應(yīng)包括在內(nèi)。然而，恰恰是那些受過教育的人卻不可思議地聲稱他們已經(jīng)放棄了雄心壯志壯志這一理想。奇怪的是他們或許已經(jīng)從雄心壯志壯志中獲益匪淺—一如果不總是他們自己的雄心壯志，那么就是他們父輩或祖父輩的雄心壯志。這其中有著濃厚的虛偽色彩，恰如馬跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門那樣，而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。

????????????當(dāng)然，與過去相比，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣絲毫未減。避暑別墅，歐洲旅行、寶馬轎車——位置、地名和品牌可能會(huì)改變，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前有所減少。現(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易地、公開地坦陳自己的夢(mèng)想，惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪得無厭、庸俗不堪。相反，我們似乎目睹了比以往任何時(shí)候都多的虛偽景象：美國(guó)實(shí)利主義的批評(píng)家在南安普頓擁有避暑別墅；激進(jìn)的出版商到三星級(jí)賓館就餐；倡導(dǎo)終生共享民主制的新聞?dòng)浾邊s把自己的子女送進(jìn)私立學(xué)校。對(duì)于這樣的人，及更多也許不這么出色的人而言，最好的詮釋是“不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但避免表現(xiàn)出雄心勃勃”。

????????????對(duì)雄心壯志的攻擊非常之多，且出自各種不同的角度；公開為之辯解的則少之又少，雖不能說這些辯解毫無吸引力可言，但卻未能給人們留下深刻印象。因此，在美國(guó)，雄心壯志作為一種健康的動(dòng)力，一種應(yīng)該令人稱羨并扎根于青年人心靈的品質(zhì)，它所得到的支持也許比以往任何時(shí)期都低。但這并不意味著雄心壯志已經(jīng)窮途末路，人們?cè)僖哺杏X不到它的萌動(dòng)和激勵(lì)了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更不愿公開地表白它了。當(dāng)然由此產(chǎn)生的后果中的一些就是雄心壯志被迫轉(zhuǎn)入地下，或暗藏于胸。于是，情況就成了這樣：左邊是憤怒的批評(píng)家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數(shù)認(rèn)真而努力追求成功的人。