法朵/法多(葡萄牙語(yǔ)：Fado，意為命運(yùn)或宿命)，或稱葡萄牙怨曲，是葡萄牙著名的傳統(tǒng)民謠。 法朵是一種已經(jīng)具有一百五十多年歷史的葡萄牙音樂(lè)，在大街小巷的酒館、都會(huì)里的咖啡室和會(huì)所都可聽(tīng)得到，其地位相當(dāng)于西班牙著名的弗拉明戈舞蹈。這種音樂(lè)擅長(zhǎng)表達(dá)哀怨、失落和傷痛的情懷。特殊的吉他樂(lè)聲與獨(dú)唱者的特有腔調(diào)，空靈動(dòng)人，令聽(tīng)者無(wú)不感到的哀凄。葡萄牙悲歌法朵來(lái)歷不明，有阿拉伯、吉卜賽和更多的黑人血統(tǒng)。據(jù)稱，其真正源于剛果，黑人將此歌舞形式帶至巴西，但直至1819年，才有人在里約熱內(nèi)盧街頭看到混血兒表演法朵。1850年左右，法朵才來(lái)到葡萄牙，以唱為主。民間歌手們面向特茹河，為海員泣歌，凄愴動(dòng)人。一時(shí)，妻女競(jìng)相習(xí)唱。 19世紀(jì)末，科英布拉大學(xué)生將少年男女愛(ài)情主題引入法朵，形成“北部唱法”。 在20世紀(jì)，主流的法多表演只包括一個(gè)歌手，一個(gè)葡萄牙吉他手和一名古典吉他手，經(jīng)常還會(huì)加入低音吉他。樂(lè)器演奏傳統(tǒng)上由男性完成。不過(guò)更為近代的演出陣容包括了從歌手，到弦樂(lè)四重奏，再到整支管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)。雖然在以旅游業(yè)為主的餐廳，法多的演唱往往局限于一人獨(dú)唱，不過(guò)在里斯本的非商業(yè)性質(zhì)的法多集會(huì)上，能有多達(dá)十二名與會(huì)者自發(fā)參與到演唱中。此時(shí)每位歌手都熱情地演唱一小段，加上自己想出來(lái)的歌詞，緊跟著迎來(lái)?yè)Q場(chǎng)時(shí)的掌聲喝彩。在非商業(yè)性質(zhì)的法多餐廳，一種良好的交流方式便是演唱過(guò)程中時(shí)時(shí)叫好鼓勵(lì)。另外，一曲精湛演繹的法多結(jié)束后，觀眾應(yīng)該先預(yù)留明顯幾秒的停頓，再開(kāi)始鼓掌。目前，法朵最為有名的歌手是葡萄牙女歌手Mariza。?

Fado (Portuguese pronunciation: [?faeu], "destiny, fate") is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that "the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today." In popular belief, fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor, and infused with a characteristic sentiment of resignation, fatefulness and melancholia (loosely captured by the word saudade, or "longing"). However, although the origins are difficult to trace, today fado is regarded, by many, as simply a form of song which can be about anything, but must follow a certain structure. The music is usually linked to the Portuguese word saudade which symbolizes the feeling of loss (a permanent, irreparable loss and its consequent lifelong damage). Famous singers of fado include Amália Rodrigues, Dulce Pontes, Carlos do Carmo, Mariza, Mafalda Arnauth, António Zambujo, Ana Moura and Cristina Branco. On 27 November 2011, Fado was inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.