Verb Types

動(dòng)詞種類(lèi)

Transitive verbs

及物動(dòng)詞

Transitive verbs may take a direct object. For example:

及物動(dòng)詞后面可能會(huì)跟直接賓語(yǔ)

Mi trinkas sukon. = I drink juice.

我喝果汁

?i legas libron. = She reads a book.

她在看書(shū)

Sometimes, although the verb is transitive, the direct object is not expressed, so we may say ?Mi trinkas or ?i legas, without naming the thing that the person is drinking or reading.

有些時(shí)候，雖然所用的動(dòng)詞是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，但是它的后面卻沒(méi)有跟著賓語(yǔ)。所以我們可能會(huì)說(shuō)?Mi trinkas or ?i legas。沒(méi)有了被喝或者被看著的物體的名稱(chēng)。

Intransitive verbs

不及物動(dòng)詞

Intransitive verbs never take a direct object. For example:

不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟直接賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Mi sidas. = I am sitting.

我坐著

La knabino kuras. = The girl is running.

那個(gè)女孩在跑步

Differences between Esperanto and English

與英語(yǔ)的不同之處

Please note that the rules concerning verbs and objects are stricter in Esperanto than in English.

要注意的是，在世界語(yǔ)中，涉及到動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間的規(guī)則要比英語(yǔ)要嚴(yán)格。

In English, we know a lot of verbs that can be used both with and without a direct object. In English we can say "He closes the door" and "The door closes", using the same verb, although the meaning is different. In the first example, someone performs the action of closing the door, while in the second, the door becomes closed. In Esperanto, there are two words for this:

在英語(yǔ)中，我們知道不少動(dòng)詞后面既可以跟直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以不跟。在英語(yǔ)里面我們可以說(shuō) "He closes the door" 和"The door closes"，盡管意思不同，但是我們所用的動(dòng)詞都是同一個(gè)。第一個(gè)例句是某個(gè)人實(shí)施了“關(guān)門(mén)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，而第二句則是門(mén)關(guān)上了，在世界語(yǔ)里面，這兩句是這么說(shuō)的：

Li fermas la pordon.?= He closes the door.?

他關(guān)上了門(mén)

La pordo fermi?as?= The door closes.

門(mén)關(guān)上了

In the same way, Esperanto distinguishes between?komenci(to start to do something) and?komenci?i?(to start happening):

同樣的，世界語(yǔ)也把komenci（開(kāi)始去做某件事）和komenci?i（開(kāi)始發(fā)生）區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)：

La instruisto komencas la lecionon?=The teacher starts the lesson.

老師開(kāi)始上課了

La leciono komenci?as.?= The lesson is starting.

課程開(kāi)始了

To use grammatical terms,?fermi?and?komenci?are transitive (take a direct object), while?fermi?i?and?komenci?i?are intransitive (cannot take a direct object).

用語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，fermi和komerci是及物動(dòng)詞（后面跟直接賓語(yǔ)）而?fermi?i和?komenci?i是不及物動(dòng)詞（后面不跟直接賓語(yǔ)）

Atendi

Atendi?can mean "to wait," "to wait for" or "to expect." For example:

atendi的意思是"to wait," "to wait for" 或者"to expect."例如：

Mi atendas.?= I wait.

我等

Mi atendas buson.?= I wait for a bus.

我等巴士

Mi atendas profiton.?= I am expecting a profit.

我期望獲利

Note:?Kion vi atendas??can mean either "What are you expecting?" or "What are you waiting for?" depending on the context.

注意：Kion vi atendas? 可以意為?"What are you expecting?"?（你在期待什么）或者?"What are you waiting for?"（你在等什么？），具體意思取決于語(yǔ)境。

Tiel... kiel

The combination?tiel...kiel?means?as...as:

詞組tiel....kiel的意思是“as...as”（和……一樣）

?u vi kantas?tiel?bone?kiel??i??
Do you sing?as?well?as?she (does)?

你能夠唱的和她一樣（好）嗎？

?i estas?tiel?bela,?kiel?mia fratino.
She is?as?pretty?as?my sister.

她和我姐姐一樣漂亮

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs-Present/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo