? ? ? ? ?Today I’m going to introduce a genius to you, his whole life is bound by chess, all through his life he was playing that intellectual sport with all kinds of players, meanwhile, he is a lonely warrior against the world and is seen by many not so much a genius as a lunatic, his name is Bobby Fischer, absolutely, he is no other than the archetypal character of the film Pawn Sacrifice, the story in which narrated his legendary life. Before we come to Bobby, it is necessary to sketch his mother Regina’s upbringing. Born in Switzerland, Regina Wender Fischer followed her parents, both Jewish-Poles, to America at an early age and was grown up in Saint Louis, Missouri. Having graduated from high school, Regina was quite confused about what she was able to do in the future. Once when she called on her brother, she struck up an acquaintance with the well-known geneticist, a to-be Nobel Prize winner as well, Hermann Joseph Muller. Maybe it is a prejudice from his own perspective, maybe it is really a hot major with a bright future then, Muller advised Regina to study medicine, and soon afterwards the latter was enrolled as a student of medicine in Moscow State Medical University. During that time she run into her to-be husband Hans-Gerhardt Fischer, who made a move on the wandering lonely girl and not long after what had been done couldn’t be undone, they got the marriage certificate in November, 1933. It is not until five years later that their daughter Joan Fischer was born, since then Regina deserted Hans and moved to Paris with her little girl and was reduced to an English teacher for a living. One year later, they migrated to America and settled down over there.?

????????今天我要向大家介紹一位天才，他的一生離不開國際象棋，他一輩子都在跟各種各樣的人下棋，同時他是一個孤身一人對抗全世界的人，他在絕大多數(shù)人眼里與其說是一個天才倒不如說是一個瘋子，他的名字叫鮑比·費舍爾，沒錯，他正是電影《出棋致勝》的原型人物，其中的故事講述了他傳奇的一生。在我們談及他之前，有必要簡單介紹一下他母親的成長經(jīng)歷，雷吉娜·溫德爾·費舍爾出生于瑞士，她的父母都是猶太裔波蘭人，雷吉娜很小就隨父母遷居美國，并在密蘇里州圣路易斯長大成人。高中畢業(yè)后，雷吉娜對于自己未來能做什么感到很迷茫，一次在造訪哥哥的過程中結(jié)識了著名的遺傳學(xué)家，也是未來的諾貝爾獎得主赫爾曼·約瑟夫·馬勒，或許是對于自己專業(yè)的偏見，或許這在當(dāng)時真的是一個前景廣闊的熱門專業(yè)，馬勒建議雷吉娜學(xué)醫(yī)，后者不久就作為一名醫(yī)學(xué)生進入了莫斯科國立醫(yī)科大學(xué)。在那期間她邂逅了自己未來的丈夫漢斯·格哈特·費舍爾，后者對這個孤身一人漂泊在外女孩展開了猛烈的愛情攻勢，不久生米就煮成了熟飯，兩人于1933年11月領(lǐng)了證，五年后他們的女兒瓊·費舍爾出生了，從此雷吉娜就拋下丈夫帶著女兒前往巴黎，在那兒她以教授英語為生，一年后，她們又遷移至美國并定居在那里。

????????As the second child to Regina, Bobby Fischer was born on March 9th, 1943 in Chicago as a bastard (I am reluctant to relate him with that word, yet it is a fact). Although Hans’ name cropped up on his birth certificate, his real father is Paul Nemenyi, a Jewish mathematician and physicist in Hungary, an expert specialized in hydrodynamics and applied mechanics. Despite of the fact that Regina latched on two academic heavyweights in succession: a German biophysicist as her husband and a Hungarian physicist as her lover, she had been in financial straits with her two children and a person of no fixed abode after arriving in America. Having changed a dozen of jobs and residences, it is the 10th time for herself and her two child and they finally settled in Brooklyn when Bobby was half a year old. Considering that her diploma in Moscow was by no means accepted here, she had no other choice but study for a master’s degree in health care and engaged in that kind of job after graduation. Regina and Nemenyi kept intimate relationships with each other for a long time, even though they never made it public. As Bobby grew up, he revealed to a Hungarian junior chess player, his own admirer Zita Rajcsanyi in a conversation that Nemenyi came to his house and took him out frequently in his childhood. Regina even went so far as to wrote a letter when Nemenyi passed away in 1952 to his eldest son to ask if his father had any legacy left for Bobby, “Bobby has been feeling sick for 2 days, he has a fever and a sore throat. Of course, we can’t afford a doctor and medicine. If Paul were still alive, he would be sure not to stand by and do nothing to pull Bobby out of such a predicament. Therefore, I am eager to ask you if Paul had left something for his son.” As to the reason why Regina was reluctant to make an admission that Nemenyi is Bobby’s father, she must consider it a blot on her fame that she had a baby outside marriage.?

????????作為雷吉娜的第二個孩子，鮑比·費舍爾于1943年3月9日在芝加哥出生，他是一個私生子（盡管我不想把他跟那個字眼聯(lián)系起來，但這就是事實），雖然漢斯的名字赫然聳現(xiàn)在他的出生證明上，但他真實的父親是保羅·內(nèi)門伊，一個猶太裔的匈牙利數(shù)學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家，同時也是一位流體力學(xué)和應(yīng)用力學(xué)方面的專家。盡管雷吉娜接連傍上了兩個學(xué)術(shù)圈的重量級人物，一位德國生物物理學(xué)家作為她的丈夫和一位匈牙利的物理學(xué)家作為她的情夫，在抵達美國后她不僅居無定所、換了N多次工作和居住地，她和兩個孩子經(jīng)濟上也十分窘迫，在鮑比六個月大的時候，她第十次搬家并最終定居在布魯克林，考慮到她在莫斯科拿到的文憑在這里并不被承認，她不得不攻讀醫(yī)護專業(yè)碩士，并在畢業(yè)后從事那方面的工作。雷吉娜和內(nèi)門伊盡管從未對外公開過他們的關(guān)系，他們彼此之間卻保持著親密關(guān)系，成年后的鮑比在一次交談中透露給匈牙利的后輩棋手，同時也是他本人的崇拜者齊塔·拉吉克桑伊，在童年時期內(nèi)門伊經(jīng)常造訪他家并帶他出去玩。雷吉娜甚至在內(nèi)門伊1952年去世的當(dāng)口子寫信給他的長子詢問其是否為鮑比留下什么遺產(chǎn)：“鮑比已經(jīng)病了兩天，他發(fā)燒且喉嚨疼，我們當(dāng)然請不起醫(yī)生、買不起藥，如果保羅健在，他一定不會對鮑比目前的窘境袖手旁觀，所以我很迫切地想要問一下是否保羅為他的孩子留下了什么?！敝劣诶准炔辉赋姓J內(nèi)門伊是鮑比父親的原因，她一定是覺得婚外生子對于她的名譽是一個污點。

????????As the person who introduced chess to Bobby, Joan is that guide the latter should be grateful to. When Bobby was 6 years old, Joan bought a chess set from the nearby toy shop, the two children read the instructions and soon learnt to play it. It didn’t take long before Joan is no match for him, then he expended his circle and soon couldn’t find an equal for himself around. Without any other means, Regina had to resort to the newspaper Brooklyn Eagle to advertize for a rival for her son. In spite of the fact that the newspaper by no means did it for Regina as they had no idea which section the advertisement ought to be put, they were very enthusiastic. The editors introduced Hermann Helms, nicknamed the headmaster of American Chess School, to Regina. Facts proved that Helms is instrumental to Bobby’s development in the field of chess. Once when Max Pavey, the former national champion of Scotland, came to America to play exhibition games, Fischer, in Helms’ help, obtained the opportunity to be one among many players in the tag match with him. The 7-year-old Fischer insisted on 15 minutes and drew huge crowds, even though he lost eventually. Among the audience there was one person called Carmine Nigro, he is the president of Brooklyn Chess Club. As Bobby’s superb skill impressed him, he soon enlisted the young boy and instruct him in person. As to his first teacher Nigro in childhood, Fischer rated like this, “Perhaps Mr. Nigro is not the best chess player in the world, he is an excellent teacher, it may be a determinant for me to improve my chess skills encountering him.” Without doubt, Bobby gets the gene from his parents and is a high IQ boy, this makes him a lone wolf isolated from his peers and a problem student at school. As a result of making trouble incessantly and beating the headmaster, Bobby was expelled from school. His mother began to feel a little worried about his future: without a college diploma, my son will be unable to get a decent job, without a job, he can’t support himself, even if Bobby is an excellent chess player, he is not free from being marginalized, then what should he do? But not long afterwards, Regina’s worrying dissipated.

????????把鮑比引入國際象棋的瓊是他應(yīng)該感謝的人，鮑比六歲時，瓊在附近的玩具店買了一幅象棋，兩個孩子照著說明書學(xué)會了怎樣下棋，沒過多久瓊就不是他的對手了，之后他擴大了自己下棋的圈子并發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍無人能與自己對弈，無奈之下，雷吉娜只得求助于《布魯克林鷹報》報社為她自己的孩子刊登一則尋求國際象棋挑戰(zhàn)的廣告，盡管報社因為不知應(yīng)該將廣告放在哪個版塊而沒有刊登，但他們卻很熱情，報社的編輯為雷吉娜介紹了綽號為美國國際象棋校長的赫爾曼·赫爾姆斯。事實證明赫爾姆斯對于鮑比在國際象棋領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展是有幫助的，一次前蘇格蘭全國冠軍麥克斯·帕維赴美打表演賽，在赫爾姆斯的幫助下，費舍爾得到了作為車輪戰(zhàn)中的一員跟他對弈的機會，盡管年僅七歲的費舍爾堅持了15分鐘并吸引了大量的觀眾，但他最后還是輸了，在觀眾當(dāng)中有一個叫卡明·尼格羅的，他是布魯克林國際象棋俱樂部的主席，鮑比精湛的技藝令他印象十分深刻，他很快就把這個孩子招募了進來并親自教授他下棋，對于他童年時期的啟蒙老師尼格羅，費舍爾這樣評價道：“也許他不是世界上最好的棋手，他卻是一個特別好的老師，遇見他或許是我提高棋藝的一個決定因素?！辈槐卣f，鮑比繼承了父母的基因并且是一個高智商的孩子，這使他生性孤僻，很難與同齡人相處，同時在學(xué)校他也是一個問題學(xué)生，因為不斷惹是生非和毆打校長，鮑比被學(xué)校開除了，他的媽媽開始為他的前途感到一絲的擔(dān)憂：沒有大學(xué)文憑，我兒子就不可能找到一個體面的工作；沒有工作，他就沒法養(yǎng)活自己，即便鮑比是一個出類拔萃的棋手，他也逃不過被社會邊緣化的危險，到時候他該怎么辦？但是沒過多久，雷吉娜的憂慮就一掃而空。

????????In contrast, everything is ok in the sphere of chess. With his skill improved by leaps and bounds, Bobby was now in the ascendant. In 1955, 12-year-old Fischer had already been playing chess games for Manhattan Chess Club, the best one of all American clubs. When he was 13, he had already become the youngest champion in the National Youth Chess Championship. A year later, Fischer assumed the title of the youngest national champion in America, (though I am quite confused if it has any difference with the one he obtained in 1955). In 1958, 15-year-old Fischer was honored with the youngest grandmaster in the history of chess. As Bobby showed extraordinary talent in chess at an early age, he was dubbed “Mozart in the chess field”. As for himself, he was quite confident about his own skill. Once when someone asked who is the best chess player ever, he rattled off, “Modesty is a kind of virtue, but I might be considered stupid if I don’t tell the truth. That man is me—Bobby Fischer.” Fischer’s style, which is very offensive and unpredictable, bewildered his opponents, made him intractable to them and no one successfully analyzed his game. On the other hand, his emotionalization had already been apparent then. Once when Fischer was in a match in 1967, he grew irritated with the organizer over some trivial things and went so far as to quit the game during the championship. In the succeeding two years, he scarcely touched the chess and to find an answer to the questions haunted him, he joined World Council of Churches, and accepted their notions of apocalypse. He was considerably superstitious for a time, and went so far as to contribute a large amount of money for them, even if he plays the role of Eugenie Grandet every now and again in real life. Only when the end of the world predicted by the pastors didn’t really come had he found himself be played and never trust them again. 3 year later, Bobby got rid of his status of seclusion and came back to chess. As his skills never withered away, he won 20 times in a row against the first-rate chess masters. The next step is to challenge the world champion, Russian chess player Boris Spassky.?

????????相比之下，在國際象棋領(lǐng)域內(nèi)鮑比一直都順風(fēng)順水，隨著棋藝的突飛猛進，他青云直上，在1955年，12歲的費舍爾已經(jīng)代表全美最好的曼哈頓俱樂部參加比賽了，13歲時，他已經(jīng)成為最年輕的全國青年國際象棋錦標賽的冠軍，一年后，費舍爾贏得了美國全國最年輕的冠軍頭銜（雖然我一點都搞不清楚這跟他在1955年的得到的有什么區(qū)別），1958年，15歲的費舍爾榮獲了國際象棋史上最年輕大師的稱號，由于鮑比從小就顯露出下棋的天賦，他被稱為“國際棋壇的莫扎特”，就他自己而言，他對自己的技巧很有信心，有一次當(dāng)別人問及誰是有史以來最偉大的棋手，他不假思索地回答道：“謙虛是一種美德，但我如果不說出真相那可就太笨了，那個人就是我——鮑比·費舍爾”。費舍爾的棋風(fēng)非常具有進攻性并難以預(yù)測，這會讓他的對手感到不知所措同時把他視為一個難纏的家伙，沒有人能成功拆解他的棋局。另一方面，他情緒上的不穩(wěn)定在此時也昭然若揭，在1967年一次打比賽的時候，費舍爾因為一些小事對組織者發(fā)飆甚至當(dāng)場棄賽而逃，在接下來的兩年中，他幾乎不碰國相，為了找到縈繞在他心頭種種問題的答案，他加入了“世界上帝會”，并接受了他們關(guān)于世界末日和天啟的種種學(xué)說，他一度對此非常著迷，并捐贈給教會一大筆錢，盡管在生活中他時常扮演著吝嗇鬼的角色。僅僅當(dāng)牧師預(yù)言的世界末日沒有真的來臨時他才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被耍了，他從此不再信教。三年后，鮑比擺脫了隱居的生活并重新回到棋壇，鑒于他的棋藝并沒有任何退化，跟世界頂級大師接連對壘20局并連戰(zhàn)連捷，他的下一步是要挑戰(zhàn)世界冠軍、俄羅斯國相選手鮑里斯·斯帕斯基。

????????The world pattern then was a cold war between America and Soviet Union. The two superpowers clashed with each other in realms such as politics, economics, diplomacy and culture, surely enough, chess is one battleground among them. In those days, chess was a game monopolized by USSR, world champions are nobody other than the sunken-eyed, square-faced, bearded Russians. Considering that Bobby is a good hand for American politicians, they could inflict their rival a body blow and take an extra stronghold in the cold war as long as they makes good use of him. So, the duel between Fischer and Spassky was called “The Game of the Century”, everyone followed it with particular interest. But on Bobby’s side, incorporating too many things into the game means distractions to him, what he wants was to play chess with another man without attracting too much attention. So, he began to grumble, grumble about everything: the ground is unsatisfactory, the chair is uncomfortable, the chessboard is disagreeable, the pieces is bad to the touch, furthermore, he lodged a protest against audience and TV broadcast on the scene. When the match was about to begin, he threatened not to go to Iceland to play the game, except his demand of $250,000 (an equivalent of €1.2 million now) as the bonus was met. In those days, chess was only a niche sport with limited reputation and influence. How can it be entertaining when two man sit at a chessboard fiddle with the pieces in hands? Therefore, the astronomical price demanded by Bobby is unacceptable then. When the game was heading for a miscarriage, Kissinger intervened, perhaps this excellent politician was unwilling to let slip a golden opportunity to beat his opponents. In his repeated requests, and a British chess fan’s sponsorship, Bobby agreed to play chess with Spassky at last.

????????當(dāng)時的世界格局是美蘇兩國處于冷戰(zhàn)之中，兩個超級強國在政治、經(jīng)濟、外交和文化等諸多方面進行了一系列的較量，當(dāng)然國際象棋也是其中的一個主戰(zhàn)場，那時國相可是蘇聯(lián)人壟斷的運動，世界冠軍清一色地都是眼眶深陷、四方臉、蓄著大胡須的俄羅斯人，考慮到鮑比是美國政治家手中的一張好牌，只要他們善用一定能給予他們的政治對手重擊并在冷戰(zhàn)中再下一城，所以費舍爾跟斯帕斯基的這場對決被稱之為“世紀對決”，所有人都對這場比賽額外關(guān)注?？墒菍τ邗U比而言，把太多的東西摻和進象棋就意味著分心，他想要的僅僅是在不引起任何人關(guān)注的情況下跟另一個人下一盤棋，所以他開始發(fā)牢騷，抱怨所有事情：比賽場地不盡人意、椅子不舒服、棋盤不順眼、棋子手感不好，除此以外，他抗議比賽現(xiàn)場的觀眾和電視直播，他在比賽即將開始的時候威脅不去冰島參賽，除非滿足他對于比賽獎金提升到25萬美元的要求（相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的120萬歐元）。在當(dāng)時，國際象棋只是一個名氣和影響力十分有限的小眾體育運動，兩個人坐在棋盤前擺弄手中的棋子對于觀眾有何樂趣可言？因此，鮑比的漫天要價很難令人接受，這場比賽眼看著即將流產(chǎn)，這時基辛格出面了，或許這位出色的政治家不想錯失以此打擊政治對手的良機，在他的再三懇求下，和一位英國棋迷的慷慨贊助，鮑比終于同意跟斯帕斯基比一場。