作文：

向外國友人推薦學漢語的地方

【真題原文】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【參考范文】

Dear Jack,

I am so glad to hear that you will pay a visit to China next month. Since you told me you are interested in learning Chinese, I am writing this letter to recommend you some famous and interesting attractions for better understanding Chinese characters.

As you know, the Forbidden City, which is also known as the Palace Museum, embodies this nations profound and diversified ancient culture with its magnificent architecture and precious treasures. Besides, it provides you with a variety of tourist introduction including its origin, cultural background as well as its translation in multiple languages, which will open a window for you to have a better understanding about the splendid Chinese characters.

I hope my recommendation will not make you disappointed. I can’t wait to be your guard. With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Xiao Ming

【參考范文譯文】

親愛的杰克，

我很高興聽聞您將在下個月來中國。您曾告訴我您對中國漢字很感興趣，因此我寫這封信是想為您推薦一些著名有趣的地點去更好的了解中國漢字。

正如你所知，紫荊城，又名故宮博物館，體現了這個國家深邃而多元的古代文化，在那里您可以欣賞壯麗的建筑及珍貴的寶藏。另外，景點會提供一系列的介紹，包括來源，文化背景以及不同語言的翻譯。這會給你打開一扇窗，更深刻的了解璀璨的中國漢字。

我希望我的推薦不會讓你失望。我期待成為你的向導，最衷心祝愿!

你真誠的，

小明

向外國友人推薦學漢語的城市

【真題原文】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【參考范文】

Dear friend,

? ? ? ? I am delighted to write this letter to recommend a city for you. I know that you have a strong desire to learn Chinese in recent days. I suppose when you read this letter, you must be satisfied about what I recommend.

? ? ? ? Here are some detailed information that I would like to share with you. The first city flashing in my mind is Beijing, the capital of China. Additionally, language environment has a key role in the process of language learning. As a consequence, Beijing, as a modern city, provides an excellent language environment for language learners. The vast majority of people in Beijing speak Mandarin，and I am sure that you will benefit from the environment to a large extent. Finally, I hope that you could take my suggestions into serious consideration.

? ? ? ? Thank you for spending time reading this letter and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Good luck to you with all aspects of life.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Yours sincerely,? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Li Ming

【四級作文參考范文】

親愛的朋友，

? ? ? ?我很高興寫這封信為你推薦一個城市。我知道你最近有強烈意愿來學習漢語。我想當你讀這封信時，一定會對我的建議感到滿意。

? ? ? ?以下是一些我想與您分享的詳細信息。我想到的第一個城市是中國的首都北京。此外，語言環(huán)境在語言學習過程中也起著關鍵作用。因此，北京作為一個現代化城市，為語言學習者提供了絕 佳的語言環(huán)境。北京的絕大多數人都說普通話，我確信你一定會在很大程度上獲益。最后，希望你能認真考慮我的建議。

? ? ? ?感謝你花時間閱讀此信，我期待在你最方便時的回復。祝你事事如意!

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?你真誠地，

?李明

選詞填空（第一套）：

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented. 29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.

Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with fl, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.

A) accurate ?B) conclusion ? C) directly ?D) either

E) evaluate ?F) explorations G) flights ? ?H) largely

I) nearby ? ? ?J) respond ? ? ? ?K) slim ? ? ? ?L) spread

M) summit ? N) vividly ? ? ? ? ? O) vulnerable

選詞填空（第二套）：

選詞填空（第三套）：

信息匹配（第一套）：

信息匹配（第二套）：

【參考答案】

36. [F] 題干：Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.

37. [I] 題干：The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.

38. [D] 題干：A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.

39. [G] 題干：Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.

40. [B] 題干：Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.

41. [E] 題干：Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.

42. [H] 題干：Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.

43. [A] 題干：A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.

44. [J] 題干：According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.

45. [C] 題干：Park Yeon So. who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.

【答案解析】

36. 根據題干中的信息確定題干信息詞：Songdo’s popularity、quality of life、business，且根據題干句意可確定肯定品質生活，否定商業(yè)吸引力，因此，利用題干已給信息回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現F段中Songdo has become a popular Korean city--more popular as a residential area than a business one.與該題干屬于同義替換，故選擇F選項。

37. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：The man who conceives Songdo、disappointed、develop expectations，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現I段中第一句話The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated too.和最后一句中的The world is dotted with futuristic與該題干屬于同義替換，題干中的conceive與段落中的imagine同義復現，故本題選擇I選項。

38. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：A scene、popular South Korean music video、Songdo，尤其是核心關鍵詞“music video”，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現D段中第二句話Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea.以及第五句話中There was a scene in a subway station. That was actually Songdo. 與本題題干為同義替換，故本題選擇D選項。

39. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：Songdo、financial stimulus、 businesses，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現G段中第一句話 “missed the mark is for companies to locate here; needs to be strong economic incentives”與本題為同義替換，故選擇G選項。

40. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：Airplanes、contact researchers 、chief means of transportation、a professor，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現B段中The 21 century will increasingly be an aviation century as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air .以及Kasada says與本題為同義替換，故選擇B選項。

41. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：Songdo、different 、it was supposed to be，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現E段中第一句與第二句與本題為同義替換，故選擇E選項。

42. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：Some of the people 、complain about 、boredom、a workplace，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現H段中第二句和第三句“some of the residents; in the workplace; in prison for weekdays”與本題為同義替換，故選擇H選項。

43. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞：A business professor 、a future city、international transportation，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現A段中第2句至第4句 “easy access to air travel; business professor; future cities”與本題為同義替換，故選擇A選項。

44. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞an urban design professor、difficult、city designers、 foresee，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現J段中第2句與第4句與本題為同義替換，故選擇J選項。

45. 根據題干中的內容確定題干信息詞Park Yeon So.、 parental connection，回文快速掃讀文章，發(fā)現C段中第4句與第5句 Park Yeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby與本題為同義替換，故選擇C選項。

信息匹配（第三套）：

仔細閱讀（第一套）：

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征稅)1.5

cents per liquid ounce on distributors.

Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.

The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.

While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.

“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”

An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”

Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.

46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.

B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.

C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.

D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.

47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

A) Bargain with the city council.

B) Refuse to pay additional tax.

C) Take legal action against it.

D) Try to win public support.

48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.

B) It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.

C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.

D) It criticized the measure through advertising.

49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.

B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.

C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.

D) Benefit low-income people across the country.

50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?

A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.

B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.

C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.

D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.

A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.

51. What is the finding of the new study?

A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.

B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.

C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.

D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

A) They are becoming more affordable.

B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.

C) They are getting much easier to operate.

D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.

53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

A) Cooking food of different varieties.

B) Improving microwave users’ habits.

C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.

D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.

54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?

A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.

B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.

C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.

D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.

55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.

B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.

C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.

D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.

仔細閱讀（第二套）：

翻譯（三套）：

家庭觀念

【翻譯題目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

【翻譯原文】

中國的家庭觀念與其文化傳統(tǒng)有關。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。過去四代同堂并不少見。由于這個傳統(tǒng)，許多年輕人婚后繼續(xù)與父母同住。今天，這個傳統(tǒng)正在改變。隨著住房條件的改善，越來越多年輕夫婦選擇與父母分開住。但他們之間的聯(lián)系依然很密切。許多老年人仍然幫著照看孫輩。年輕夫婦也抽時間探望父母，特別是在春節(jié)和中秋節(jié)等重要節(jié)日。

【譯文賞析】

The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions. The large and harmonious families were once very enviable. The four generation family used to be very common, in the past.As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.Today, the tradition is changing.With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. But the connection between them remains strong. And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. Young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival.

【逐句解析】

譯句1　中國的家庭觀念與其文化傳統(tǒng)有關。

解析：該句中有明顯的固定搭配，與...相關可用related to。

譯文1 The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions.

譯句2　和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。

解析：該句基本可以采取順譯的方法，和睦的大家庭(The large and harmonious families)，令人美慕(enviable)。翻譯時可順譯該句子。

譯文2　The large and harmonious families were once very enviable.

譯句3　過去四代同堂并不少見。由于這個傳統(tǒng)，許多年輕人婚后繼續(xù)與父母同住。

解析：該句中應用到正反譯法，并不少見，那就是說很常見，可直接翻譯為very common.

譯文3　The four generation family used to be very common, in the past.As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.

譯句4　今天，這個傳統(tǒng)正在改變。隨著住房條件的改善，越來越多年輕夫婦選擇與父母分開住。

解析：該句考查了with引導的伴隨狀語從句。

譯文4　Today, the tradition is changing.With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents.

譯句5　但他們之間的聯(lián)系依然很密切。

解析：但他們之間的聯(lián)系可以處理成后置定語,即But the connection between them.

譯文5　But the connection between them remains strong.

譯句6　許多老年人仍然幫著照看孫輩。

解析：本句較為簡單，可采取順譯。

譯文6　And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren.

譯句7　年輕夫婦也抽時間探望父母，特別是在春節(jié)和中秋節(jié)等重要節(jié)日。

解析：抽時間探望父母,可以運用到習慣性表達：get around to visit their parents.

譯文7 　Young couples also get around to visit their parents,especially during the holidays, such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.

家庭教育

【翻譯題目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

【翻譯原文】

中國家庭十分重視孩子的教育。許多父母認為應該努力工作，確保孩子受到良好的教育。他們不僅非常情愿為孩子的教育投資，而且花很多時間督促他們學習。多數家長希望孩子能上名牌大學。由于改革開放，越來越多的家長能送孩子到國外學習或參加國際交流項目，讓其拓寬視野。通過這些努力，他們期望孩子健康成長，為國家的發(fā)展和繁榮做出貢獻。

【翻譯譯文】

Chinese families place a great premium on their children’s education. The majority of parents hold that they should work hard to ensure that their children can get a good education. Not only are they willing to invest in children’s education, but also they spend plenty of time urging them to learn. Meanwhile, most of them want their children to go to prestigious universities. Due to the reform and opening up, an increasingly number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate the international exchange programs to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they anticipate that their children can grow up healthily and make contributions to the development and prosperity of our nation.

【翻譯解析】

詞/詞組翻譯：

1. 十分重視 place great premium on; pay more attention to;attach great importance to

2. 努力工作 work hard; endeavor to work

3. 名牌大學 a prestigious university; a famous university

4. 改革開放 reform and opening up

5. 國際交流項目 international exchange programs

6. 拓寬視野 broaden one’s horizon

7. 國家的發(fā)展和繁榮 the development and prosperity of the nation

句子的翻譯：

首先，從時態(tài)角度來講，本文翻譯主要采用一般現在時。其次，從句子角度來講，大家需要注意句間的銜接。再者英文重簡潔，所以大家翻譯時要注意代詞的指代，以避免重復。

1. 許多父母認為應該努力工作，確保孩子受到良好的教育。

◆ 該句后者為前者的目的，所以大家翻譯時需要體現出這一目的。

2. 他們不僅非常情愿為孩子的教育投資，而且花很多時間督促他們學習。

◆ 該句中的“不僅......而且......”大家可以采用固定用法“not only......but also......”。Not only放在句首時，需要采用倒裝形式。

3. 由于改革開放，越來越多的家長能送孩子到國外學習或參加國際交流項目，讓其拓寬視野。通過這些努力，他們期望孩子健康成長，為國家的發(fā)展和繁榮做出貢獻。

◆ 本句話中，要體現“由于改革開放”和之后家長們行為之間的因果關系，所以要用

相關因果詞進行凸顯，比如 thanks to; due to; because of 等。再者就是“通過這些努力”是對上文的總結，大家需要體現出來。

漢族名字

【翻譯題目】

Directions:?For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on?Answer Sheet 2.

【翻譯原文】

中國漢族人的全名由姓和名組成。中文姓名的特點是，姓總是在前，名跟在其后。千百年來，父姓一直世代相傳。然而，如今，孩子跟母親姓并不罕見。一般來說，名有一個或兩個漢字，通常承載父母對孩子的愿望。從孩子的名字可以推斷出父母希望孩子成為代么樣的人，或者期望他們過什么樣的生活。父母非常重視給孩子取名，因為名字往往會伴隨孩子一生。

【參考譯文】

The full name of China's Han ethnic group is made up of family name and given name. One characteristic of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by ?given name. For thousands of years, the father's family name has been passed on from generation to generation. However, it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name contains one or two Chinese characters, which carries the parents' hope for the kid. Therefore, it's easy to infer from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be, or what kind of life to lead.Parents attach great importance to naming their kid as names usually go with them for a whole life.

【翻譯分析】

1）全名由....組成：the full name is composed of/ made up of/ consisted of/ formed of

2）...的特點是：the characteristic of the Chinese name is that...

3）世代相傳：from generation to generation

4）...不罕見：it is not uncommon now for a child to...

5）非常重視...：attach great importance to doing sth