原文標(biāo)題：
Eat, inject, repeat
New drugs could spell an end to the world’s obesity epidemic
吃藥、注射、重復(fù)
新藥或?qū)⒔K結(jié)全球肥胖流行病

The long-term effects must be carefully studied. But the excitement is justified
必須仔細(xì)研究長(zhǎng)期影響。但對(duì)此感到興奮是合理的

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The new obesity drugs arrived by serendipity, after treatments meant for diabetics were observed to cause weight loss.
新型減肥藥的發(fā)現(xiàn)純屬機(jī)緣巧合，它們?cè)臼墙o糖尿病患者的治療方案，被觀察到具有減輕體重的功效。

Semaglutide mimics the release of hormones that stimulate a feeling of fullness and reduce the appetite.
司美格魯肽模擬了激素的釋放，從而引起飽腹感并減少食欲。

They also switch off the powerful urge to eat that lurks inside the brain, waiting to ambush even the keenest dieter.
它們還可以關(guān)閉隱藏在大腦內(nèi)的強(qiáng)烈進(jìn)食沖動(dòng)。這種進(jìn)食沖動(dòng)等待時(shí)機(jī)埋伏，而即使是最有決心的減肥者也無(wú)法抵御。

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With the jabs already in high demand, investors are nearly as giddy as newly slim users.
由于這種注射減肥藥的需求不斷增加，投資者幾乎和新的瘦身用戶一樣興奮。

The market capitalisation of Novo Nordisk, the firm at the front of the gold rush, has doubled in two years, to $326bn, making it the second-most-valuable listed drugmaker in the world.
這波賺錢熱潮的弄潮兒是諾和諾德公司，它的市值已經(jīng)在兩年內(nèi)翻了一番，達(dá)到了 3260 億美元，成為全球市值排名第二的上市藥企。

Analysts expect half of obese Americans who seek help to be on GLP-1 drugs by the turn of the decade.
分析師預(yù)計(jì)，到2030年，尋求減肥的美國(guó)人中將有一半比例會(huì)使用 GLP-1 類藥物。

But, as with any new medicine that holds so much promise for so many, there are uncertainties. Two big ones will be safety and affordability.
但是，像任何有望對(duì)許多人有所幫助的新藥一樣，存在不確定性。其中有2個(gè)最大的不確定性：即安全性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。

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Consider safety first. The newness of these drugs means that their long-term consequences are not yet known.
首先是考慮安全性。“新藥”也意味著它們的長(zhǎng)期影響尚未知曉。

For the lower-dose forms prescribed for diabetes, the side-effects, such as vomiting and diarrhoea, have been mild.
治療糖尿病的低劑量用法，產(chǎn)生的嘔吐和腹瀉等副作用相對(duì)較輕。

But others could crop up as the drugs are used more widely and at higher doses.
但是，隨著這些藥物的廣泛使用和劑量增加，其他副作用可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

Animal studies have shown a higher incidence of thyroid cancer, and semaglutide is associated with a rare pancreatitis.
動(dòng)物研究表明，司美格魯肽與高甲狀腺癌發(fā)病率及罕見的胰腺炎有關(guān)。

Little is known about the effects of using them during or just before pregnancy.
懷孕期間或備孕期間使用這些藥物的影響尚不明確。

All this will require careful analysis through controlled longitudinal studies.
以上這些的影響需要通過(guò)控制性縱向研究進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析。

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Understanding these risks will be important, because many patients who take the drugs may need them for the rest of their lives.
了解這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樵S多服用這些藥物的患者可能需要終身用藥。

As with ditching a diet, stopping a high dose of semaglutide is associated with much of the lost weight piling back on. Some people even gain more weight than they lost in the first place.
和停止節(jié)食一樣，停止服用高劑量的司美格魯肽會(huì)導(dǎo)致減掉的體重反彈回來(lái)。一些人反彈的體重甚至?xí)茸畛鯗p掉的體重更多。

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Another preoccupation for policymakers is cost.
政策制定者的另一個(gè)關(guān)注點(diǎn)是成本。

In America the bill for Wegovy runs at around $1,300 a month; for Ozempic about $900.
在美國(guó)，Wegovy的費(fèi)用約為1300美元/月，Ozempic約為900美元/月。

Judged by such prices, lifelong prescriptions look forbiddingly expensive.
以這樣的價(jià)格來(lái)看，終身用藥的費(fèi)用高得離譜。

The longer view, however, is more encouraging. In time, companies may strike deals with governments and health providers to cover the whole population, ensuring high volumes in return for low prices.
然而，長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，前景更加鼓舞人心。隨著時(shí)間的推移，藥企可能會(huì)與政府和醫(yī)療保健提供者達(dá)成協(xié)議，這樣醫(yī)保覆蓋全部人群，就能以低價(jià)換高量。

The prospect of profits is already luring competition and spurring innovation.
利潤(rùn)前景已經(jīng)吸引了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者并推動(dòng)了創(chuàng)新。

Amgen, AstraZeneca and Pfizer are all working on rival drugs; Novo Nordisk has a full pipeline of follow-on drugs.
安進(jìn)、阿斯利康和輝瑞都在研發(fā)競(jìng)品藥物；諾和諾德?lián)碛型暾暮罄^藥物研發(fā)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。

Further ahead still, patents will expire, enabling the development of lower-priced generics.
再往前看，專利將到期，這將有助于開發(fā)價(jià)格更低的仿制藥。

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The shape of things to come
未來(lái)的形態(tài)

What to do in the meantime? Governments must ensure that those who most need the drugs get them, leaving those taking them for cosmetic purposes to pay out of their own pockets.
那么在此期間應(yīng)該怎么做呢？政府必須確保最需要的人能夠得到這種藥，讓那些僅出于美容目的使用的人自己承擔(dān)費(fèi)用。

The long-term effects must be carefully studied.
必須仔細(xì)研究長(zhǎng)期影響。

States should keep pressing other anti-obesity measures, such as exercise, healthy eating and better food labelling, which may help prevent people from getting fat in the first place.
各國(guó)應(yīng)該繼續(xù)推動(dòng)其他減肥措施，如運(yùn)動(dòng)、健康飲食和更好的食品標(biāo)識(shí)，這些措施有助于提前預(yù)防長(zhǎng)胖。

But spare a moment to celebrate, too. These new drugs mean that the world’s fight against flab may eventually be won.
但同時(shí)也應(yīng)該慶祝一下。這些新藥意味著全球人民對(duì)抗肥胖的戰(zhàn)斗中最終取得勝利。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語(yǔ)詞匯量 494/1073 左右）
原文出自：2023年3月4日《The Economist》Leaders版塊。
精讀筆記來(lái)源于：自由英語(yǔ)之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來(lái)自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
控制性縱向研究(Controlled longitudinal studies)是一種研究設(shè)計(jì)，其目的是觀察和分析在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)相同群體的變化和發(fā)展。在這種研究中，參與者在研究開始時(shí)接受評(píng)估，并在隨后的時(shí)間點(diǎn)接受進(jìn)一步的評(píng)估。這種評(píng)估可以包括問卷調(diào)查、心理測(cè)量、醫(yī)學(xué)檢查等。與橫斷面研究相比，長(zhǎng)期研究的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它們能夠捕捉到時(shí)間對(duì)變量的影響，例如一項(xiàng)干預(yù)措施的效果、生物指標(biāo)的變化等。此外，受試者作為自己的對(duì)照組，因此能夠更準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估變化的程度。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個(gè)）
Semaglutide mimics the release of hormones that stimulate a feeling of fullness and reduce the appetite.
司美格魯肽模擬了激素的釋放，從而引起飽腹感并減少食欲。

Consider safety first. The newness of these drugs means that their long-term consequences are not yet known.
首先是考慮安全性?！靶滤帯币惨馕吨鼈兊拈L(zhǎng)期影響尚未知曉。

The prospect of profits is already luring competition and spurring innovation.
利潤(rùn)前景已經(jīng)吸引了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者并推動(dòng)了創(chuàng)新。