「釋義」

數(shù)字錢包是一種可以進(jìn)行個(gè)人電子交易的電子設(shè)備。包括網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物或?qū)嶓w店購(gòu)物的交易。數(shù)字錢包可以與個(gè)人的銀行帳戶關(guān)聯(lián)。里面也可以放置電子駕照、社?？ā⑸矸葑C或其他數(shù)字證件。這些憑證可以通過近場(chǎng)通信 (NFC)傳遞給商戶 。如今的數(shù)字錢包不僅可以進(jìn)行基本的金融交易，更成了持有人的身份證明。例如，在買酒時(shí)向商家證明購(gòu)買者的年齡。此系統(tǒng)在日本已經(jīng)普及還有存放比特幣等加密貨幣的數(shù)字錢包。

「應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景」

平臺(tái)公司與多個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連接，可以產(chǎn)生重要的協(xié)同效果。阿里巴巴將其支付平臺(tái)支付寶與電商平臺(tái)淘寶網(wǎng)和天貓連接起來，提供了買賣雙方都需要的服務(wù)，并在雙方之間培養(yǎng)出信任。阿里巴巴還利用淘寶和天貓的交易及用戶數(shù)據(jù)，通過螞蟻金服推出新產(chǎn)品，其中有對(duì)商家和消費(fèi)者的信用評(píng)級(jí)體系。螞蟻金服可以利用這個(gè)評(píng)級(jí)體系的信息為消費(fèi)者和商家提供短期貸款，利率非常低。消費(fèi)者可以用這種貸款在阿里巴巴電商平臺(tái)買更多東西，商家則可以利用貸款更多地進(jìn)貨。這幾個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相互增強(qiáng)，相互提升市場(chǎng)地位，相互幫助保持規(guī)模。即使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手平臺(tái)騰訊通過微信軟件推出了數(shù)字錢包競(jìng)爭(zhēng)品微信支付，支付寶仍然能吸引消費(fèi)者和商家，因?yàn)橹Ц秾毰c阿里巴巴及螞蟻金服的其他服務(wù)緊密聯(lián)系。

When platform owners connect with multiple networks, they can build important synergies. Alibaba successfully bridged its payment platform, Alipay, with its e-commerce platforms Taobao and Tmall, providing a much-needed service to both buyers and sellers and fostering trust between them. Alibaba has also taken advantage of transaction and user data from Taobao and Tmall to launch new offerings through its financial services arm, Ant Financial—including a credit-rating system for merchants and consumers. And information from that rating system allowed Ant Financial to issue short-term consumer and merchant loans with very low default rates. With those loans, consumers can purchase more products on Alibaba’s e-commerce platforms, and Alibaba’s merchants can fund more inventory. These networks mutually reinforce one another’s market positions, helping each network sustain its scale. Indeed, even after the rival platform Tencent offered a competing digital wallet service, WeChat Pay, through its app WeChat, Alipay remained attractive to consumers and merchants because of its tight bridging with Alibaba and Ant Financial’s other services.

以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》中文版2019年3月刊《平臺(tái)何以成功》

朱峰、馬爾科·揚(yáng)西蒂?| 文

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