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原網(wǎng)址：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestion#Modern_sources

Hephaestion赫菲斯提安

Hephaestion (Ancient Greek: ?φαιστ?ων Hephaistíon; c. 356 BC – 324 BC), son of Amyntor, was an ancient Macedonian nobleman and a general in the army of Alexander the Great. He was "... by far the dearest of all the king's friends; he had been brought up with Alexander and shared all his secrets." This friendship lasted throughout their lives, and was compared, by others as well as themselves, to that of Achilles and Patroclus.

赫菲斯提安（古希臘語：?φαιστ?ων Hephaistíon；公元前356年—公元前324年），阿明托爾之子，古代馬其頓王國貴族，亞歷山大大帝軍中將軍。他是“迄今為止，國王最親近的朋友；他和亞歷山大一起長大并分享對(duì)方所有的秘密?！边@份關(guān)系伴隨二人一生，并被他們自己和其他人將這段關(guān)系與阿喀琉斯和帕特克洛斯的關(guān)系相提并論。

His military career was distinguished. A member of Alexander the Great’s personal bodyguard, he went on to command the Companion cavalry and was entrusted with many other tasks throughout Alexander's ten-year campaign in Asia, including diplomatic missions, the bridging of major rivers, sieges and the foundation of new settlements. Besides being a soldier, engineer and diplomat he corresponded with the philosophers Aristotle and Xenocrates and actively supported Alexander in his attempts to integrate the Greeks and Persians. Alexander formally made him his second-in-command when he appointed him Chiliarch of the empire. Alexander also made him part of the royal family when he gave him as his bride Drypetis, sister to his own second wife Stateira, both daughters of Darius III of Persia. When he died suddenly at Ecbatana around age thirty-two, Alexander was overwhelmed with grief. He petitioned the oracle at Siwa to grant Hephaestion divine status and thus Hephaestion was honoured as a Divine Hero. Hephaestion was cremated and his ashes taken to Babylon. At the time of his own death a mere eight months later, Alexander was still planning lasting monuments to Hephaestion's memory.

赫菲斯提安是一位出色的軍人。他是亞歷山大大帝貼身近衛(wèi)團(tuán)的一員，同時(shí)他也指揮著近衛(wèi)騎士團(tuán)，在亞歷山大遠(yuǎn)征亞洲的十年戰(zhàn)役中肩負(fù)著許多重要職責(zé)。包括外交職責(zé)，主要河流的橋梁建設(shè)，圍城戰(zhàn)役和新的殖民城市的修建。除了作為一名軍人，一位工程師，一名外交官之外，赫菲斯提安還和哲學(xué)家亞里士多德、哲學(xué)家齊諾克雷蒂保持著聯(lián)系，積極地支持亞歷山大對(duì)希臘人和波斯人的民族融合舉措。亞歷山大正式任命赫菲斯提安為第二指揮官、帝國千夫長一職。亞歷山大將德莉比娣絲嫁給赫菲斯提安，使赫菲斯提安成為皇室成員，而德莉比娣絲的姐姐嫁為亞歷山大的第二任妻子，兩位公主都是波斯帝國國王大流士三世的女兒。當(dāng)赫菲斯提安32歲在?？税吞鼓浅峭蝗蝗ナ罆r(shí)，亞歷山大悲痛欲絕。亞歷山大派人前往西瓦（注：埃及城市）詢問神諭：是否能將赫菲斯蒂安供入神廟？因此赫菲斯提安以英雄的榮耀身份得以供奉在神廟中。赫菲斯提安被火了，骨灰送回故鄉(xiāng)巴比倫。在他去世八個(gè)月后，亞歷山大追隨他而去，亞歷山大死前還在計(jì)劃著為赫菲斯蒂安修建不朽的紀(jì)念碑。

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Youth and education青年時(shí)期及教育經(jīng)歷

Hephaestion’s exact age is not known. No concise（簡明的） biography has ever been written about him, likely stemming from the fact that he died before Alexander and none of those among Alexander's companions who survived him would have had a need to promote someone other than themselves. Many scholars cite Hephaestion’s age as being similar to Alexander’s so it is fair to assume that he was born about 356 BC. He is said to have become a page in 343 BC, a role common to adolescent boys of the aristocratic class in Macedon. As a member of the court, he may have met Alexander around this time.

赫菲斯提安的確切年齡無法獲悉。沒有任何明確的傳記記載赫菲斯提安，可能因?yàn)樗涝趤啔v山大之前這一原因，亞歷山大的同伴們沒有一個(gè)人記載他，因?yàn)閬啔v山大需要在他們之中再提拔一個(gè)人。許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為赫菲斯提安和亞歷山大年齡相仿，所以認(rèn)為他出生于公元前356年。據(jù)說赫菲斯提安在公元前343年成為了一名男侍者，這是馬其頓貴族中青春期男孩所共有的身份。作為宮廷中的一員，他很可能在這段時(shí)間遇到了亞歷山大。

The only surviving anecdote from Hephaestion’s youth comes courtesy of the Alexander Romance. According to this tale, “... one day when Alexander was 15 years old [...] sailing with Hephaestion, his friend, he easily reached Pisa [...] and he went off to stroll with Hephaestion.”That Alexander’s exact age is given provides another clue to Hephaestion’s upbringing because at fifteen Alexander and his companions were at Mieza studying under Aristotle. Hephaestion has never been named among those who attended the lectures at Mieza, but his close friendship with Alexander at that age suggests strongly that he was numbered among them. More telling is Hephaestion’s name being found in a catalogue of Aristotle’s correspondences. The letters themselves no longer exist, but for them to have found their way into an official catalogue, their content must have been of some significance. It implies that Hephaestion received a good education and shows that Aristotle was impressed enough by his pupil to send letters throughout Alexander's expanding empire to converse with him.

唯一留存下來的亞歷山大大帝的趣聞?shì)W事都是關(guān)于赫菲斯提安年輕時(shí)向他獻(xiàn)殷勤的浪漫故事。如下所言：“……一日，亞歷山大15歲時(shí)……和他的朋友赫菲斯提安一起航行，他很快到達(dá)了比薩（注：意大利城市）……他和赫菲斯提安一起漫步街頭?！边@里提供的亞歷山大的準(zhǔn)確年齡為赫菲斯提安的年齡提供了一條線索，因?yàn)閬啔v山大在15歲時(shí)和他的同伴們都在米耶薩城接受亞里士多德的教導(dǎo)。更多的提到赫菲斯提安名字的是亞里士多德的書信目錄。雖然這些書信已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在，但是既然被記錄到了官方目錄中，說明它一定具有某種意義。這意味著赫菲斯提安接受了良好的教育，同時(shí)作為學(xué)生給亞里士多德留下了足夠深刻的印象，使得在亞歷山大擴(kuò)展帝國版圖的過程中，亞里士多德還不間斷的給赫菲斯提安寫信交流。

A few years after the lectures at Mieza, Hephaestion’s presence was notably absent when several of Alexander’s close friends were exiled as a result of the Pixodarus affair. Among those exiled by Philip II after Alexander’s failed attempt to offer himself as groom to the Carian princess were Ptolemy, Nearchus, Harpalus, Erigyius and Laomedon. The reason for Hephaestion’s absence from this list could be due to the fact that all of the exiled men were older friends of Alexander, Erigyius himself roughly 24 years older than the prince. Hephaestion was a contemporary of Alexander and it is likely that his influence might have been seen as less of a threat than these more mature companions. Whatever Hephaestion’s opinion had been on the whole affair, like many of Alexander’s other childhood companions he was not exiled in its aftermath.

在米耶薩接受教育的幾年后，因?yàn)榕诉_(dá)洛斯事件，亞歷山大的幾個(gè)密友遭到流放，這段時(shí)間赫菲斯提安的出現(xiàn)明顯減少。在亞歷山大試圖假扮男仆失敗后，菲利普二世（注：亞歷山大的父親）將托勒密、尼阿庫斯、哈帕魯斯、艾利吉亞斯和拉俄墨冬流放。赫菲斯提安沒有出現(xiàn)在這個(gè)名單上可能是因?yàn)?，遭到流放的都是亞歷山大年長的朋友們，艾利吉亞斯就比亞歷山大王子要大24歲。赫菲斯提安是亞歷山大同齡的朋友，可能他的影響要比這些更為成熟的朋友要少得多，故而威脅也小得多。不論赫菲斯提安在整件事情中的作用是什么，正如亞歷山大其他童年玩伴一樣，赫菲斯提安也沒有被流放。

While it is true that very little detail of Hephaestion’s childhood and education can be found, that which remains gives credence to what is known about his later life. His friendship with Alexander was long-lasting, as was his tenure in the court at Pella; he even shared the same education as the future Great King of Greece and Asia. With such a promising start, age and experience would have helped mould Hephaestion Amyntoros into the man who would one day be the second most powerful man in Alexander’s empire, second only to the king himself.

雖然赫菲斯提安的童年經(jīng)歷和教育經(jīng)歷有著非常真實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)，但對(duì)他后半生的記載卻語焉不詳。他和亞歷山大的友誼持續(xù)終身，就像他在佩拉法庭（注：羅馬第三行政部門首府）的終身職位一樣。他和未來的亞洲和希臘的偉大君王接受了一樣的教育。這樣一個(gè)前景光明的開始，加上同樣的年齡和經(jīng)歷，很容易吸引著阿明托爾之子赫菲斯提安靠近亞歷山大，并在將來某一天成為亞歷山大帝國中僅此于國王的最高權(quán)力擁有者。

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Career生涯

Sharing Alexander's upbringing, Hephaestion would have learned to fight and to ride well from an early age. His first taste of military action was probably the campaign against the Thracians while Alexander was regent, followed by Philip II's Danube campaign (342 BC) and the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) while he was still in his teens. His name is not mentioned in lists of high-ranking officers during the early battles of Alexander's Danube campaign (335 BC) or the invasion of Persia. Nor are the names of Alexander's other close friends and contemporaries listed, suggesting that their promotions, when they achieved them, were earned by merit.

在和亞歷山大共同的教育生涯中，赫菲斯提安在年幼時(shí)就學(xué)會(huì)了戰(zhàn)斗和騎馬。他的第一次軍事行為很可能是在亞歷山大執(zhí)政期間與色雷斯人的戰(zhàn)爭，而后是公元前342年統(tǒng)率菲利普二世的軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行的多瑙河戰(zhàn)役，以及參與公元前338年在他青年時(shí)期發(fā)生的的喀羅尼亞戰(zhàn)役。在公元前335年，亞歷山大早期的多瑙河戰(zhàn)役中，赫菲斯提安的名字并未在高級(jí)軍官名單中出現(xiàn)，也沒有提及波斯軍隊(duì)的入侵。也沒有亞歷山大其他同齡伙伴和密友的名字，這表明他們的晉升，以及后來取得的地位，都是依靠自身的功績贏得的。

Hephaestion's career was never solely a military one. Right from the start he was also engaged in special missions, sometimes diplomatic, sometimes technical. The first mention of his career in the sources is a diplomatic mission of some importance. After the battle of Issus (333 BC) when Alexander was proceeding south down the Phoenician coast and had received the capitulation of Sidon, Hephaestion was "... authorised to appoint to the throne the Sidonian he considered most deserving of that high office." Hephaestion took local advice and chose a man distantly related to the royal family, but whose honesty had reduced him to working as a gardener. The man, Abdalonymus, had a successful royal career, fully justifying Hephaestion's choice.

赫菲斯提安的職業(yè)生涯從來就不只局限于軍事一方面。最初他就接受了額外的特殊任務(wù)，有時(shí)是外交任務(wù)，有時(shí)是技術(shù)支持。第一次提及他的外交職責(zé)源于一次重要的外交任務(wù)。公元前333年的伊蘇斯戰(zhàn)役中，亞歷山大沿腓尼基沿岸南下，途中接受了西頓的投降，赫菲斯提安是“…………被授權(quán)任命西頓的官員，亞歷山大認(rèn)為他最適合這個(gè)職位?！焙辗扑固岚猜爮漠?dāng)?shù)厝说慕ㄗh選擇了一個(gè)皇室的遠(yuǎn)親，但是這個(gè)人的真誠使得他成為一個(gè)好的管理者。阿達(dá)朗尼馬斯這個(gè)人，成功在皇室占據(jù)一席之地，充分體現(xiàn)了赫菲斯提安選擇的正確性。

After the siege of Tyre (332 BC) Alexander entrusted his fleet to Hephaestion, who had orders to skirt the coast and head for Gaza, their next objective, while Alexander himself led the army overland. Hephaestion's task was not an easy one for this was not the Athenian fleet with which Alexander had started and had earlier disbanded, but a motley collection of semi-reluctant allies of many nationalities who would need holding together with patience and strength. Furthermore, on arrival at Gaza the cargo of siege engines had to be unloaded, transported across difficult terrain and reassembled.

在公元前332年的提爾戰(zhàn)役中，亞歷山大將整個(gè)艦隊(duì)交由赫菲斯提安，命他繞過海岸線前往下一個(gè)目標(biāo)城市——加沙，而亞歷山大自己則率領(lǐng)軍隊(duì)從陸地進(jìn)攻。赫菲斯提安的任務(wù)并不輕松，因?yàn)樗暑I(lǐng)的并非亞歷山大最早帶出來的雅典艦隊(duì)，而是后來加入了很多不情愿的盟國的艦隊(duì)，他們需要更多磨合才能團(tuán)結(jié)一致。此外，在抵達(dá)加沙后，許多器械需要從船上卸下，，穿越重重阻礙后再重新組裝，這也是困難的。

Plutarch, while writing about Alexander's correspondence, reveals an occasion when Hephaestion was away on business and Alexander wrote to him. The subject matter suggests that this took place while they were in Egypt. What business Hephaestion was attending to we do not know, but Andrew Chugg has suggested that it was concerned either with his command of the fleet or Athenian diplomacy. He quotes sources which suggest that Hephaestion had been approached by Aristion of Athens to effect a reconciliation between Alexander and Demosthenes and, certainly, Athens' inaction during the revolt of the Spartan king Agis would seem to support this idea. As Chugg says, "If he did persuade Alexander to reach an accommodation with Demosthenes at this critical juncture, as would seem likely from the circumstances, then he was significantly responsible for saving the situation for Macedon in Greece by preventing the revolt of Agis spreading to Athens and her allies."

在普魯塔克（注：希臘歷史家）寫給亞歷山大的信件中，有一次提到過亞歷山大給他的回信中表明赫菲斯蒂安另有任務(wù)。這件事情主要發(fā)生在埃及境內(nèi)。我們不知道赫菲斯提安的任務(wù)是什么，但安德魯·查格認(rèn)為這和他對(duì)艦隊(duì)的指揮以及對(duì)雅典的外交有關(guān)。他引用了一些消息，證明赫菲斯提安曾與雅典貴族接觸，雅典貴族試圖促成亞歷山大和德摩斯梯尼（古代希臘的雄辯家）的和解，此外，在斯巴達(dá)國王阿吉斯叛亂中的不作為似乎也表明了這一觀點(diǎn)。正如查格所言“如果赫菲斯提安能夠勸服亞歷山大在這個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻和德摩斯梯尼和解，那么在當(dāng)時(shí)的局勢(shì)中，他就肩負(fù)了挽救馬其頓王國在希臘的危險(xiǎn)局勢(shì)——阻止阿吉斯的叛亂蔓延到雅典及其他盟友——的責(zé)任?！?/p>

It is likely, though not certain, that it was Hephaestion who led the advance army from Egypt to bridge the Euphrates river. Darius of Persia sent Mazaeus to hold the opposite bank while the bridging work was in progress. This Mazaeus was the commander who threw away what looked like certain victory on the Persian right at the battle of Gaugamela (331 BC) and later became Alexander's governor of Babylon. Robin Lane Fox has suggested that a conversation with Hephaestion may have won Mazaeus over: "It is conceivable that the battle of Gaugamela was partly won on the banks of the Euphrates and that Mazaeus' reinstatement was less a sign of magnanimity than of a prearranged reward."

盡管還不確定，但可能性很大，是赫菲斯提安從埃及率領(lǐng)先遣部隊(duì)進(jìn)入幼發(fā)拉底河流域。波斯王大流士派遣瑪扎烏斯前往對(duì)岸修建橋梁?，斣鸀跛故且晃恢笓]官，在公元前331年的卡塔米埃拉戰(zhàn)役中，他將波斯即將得到的勝利拱手相讓，后來他成為亞歷山大的巴比倫總督。羅賓·萊恩·?？怂拐J(rèn)為赫菲斯蒂安在談話中贏得了瑪扎烏斯的支持：“可以想象，卡塔米埃拉戰(zhàn)役一定程度上贏得了幼發(fā)拉底河兩岸勝利，而對(duì)于瑪扎烏斯的官復(fù)原職與其說是一種寬宏大量的表現(xiàn)，不如說是一種預(yù)先約定的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)?！?/p>

It is at Gaugamela that mention is first made of Hephaestion's rank. He is called the "... commander of the bodyguards (somatophylakes)." This is not the Royal Squadron, whose duties also included guarding the king in battle and which was at that time commanded by Cleitus—a man of the older generation—but a small group of close companions specifically designated to fight alongside the king. Hephaestion was certainly in the thick of things with Alexander for Arrian tells us he was wounded and Curtius specifically mentions that it was a spear wound in the arm.

在卡塔米埃拉戰(zhàn)役中第一次提到了赫菲斯提安的軍銜。他被稱為：“……近衛(wèi)統(tǒng)領(lǐng)（近身護(hù)衛(wèi)官）。”這不是指職責(zé)還包括在戰(zhàn)爭中保護(hù)國王的皇室騎兵中隊(duì)，，當(dāng)時(shí)的騎兵中隊(duì)統(tǒng)率是更為年長的克雷塔斯，而近身護(hù)衛(wèi)官則是一小隊(duì)由國王特別指定關(guān)系親密的伙伴組成的、和國王并肩作戰(zhàn)的人。赫菲斯蒂安在戰(zhàn)亂中為了保護(hù)亞歷山大受過傷，阿里安和庫爾修斯都提到過那是一個(gè)傷在手臂的槍傷。

After Gaugamela there is the first indication that Alexander intended reconciliation with the Persians and that Hephaestion supported him in this unpopular policy. One evening in Babylon Alexander noticed a high-born woman obliged to dance as part of the entertainment. Curtius explains: "The following day, he (Alexander) instructed Hephaestion to have all the prisoners brought to the royal quarters and there he verified the lineage of each of them." Alexander had realized that people from noble families were being treated with little dignity and wanted to do something about it. That he chose Hephaestion to help him shows that he could rely on Hephaestion's tact and sympathy. Yet Alexander could also rely on Hephaestion for firmness and resolve. When his policies had led to a plot against his life, the possible involvement of a senior officer, Philotas, caused much concern. It was Hephaestion, along with Craterus and Coenus, who insisted on, and actually carried out, the customary torture.

在卡塔米埃拉戰(zhàn)役后，亞歷山大首次出現(xiàn)和波斯人和解的傾向，只有赫菲斯蒂安支持這個(gè)不討好的政策。在巴比倫的一個(gè)夜晚，亞歷山大注意到有一個(gè)出身高貴的女人必須為他們跳舞取樂。庫爾修斯解釋道：“第二天，他（亞歷山大）要求赫菲斯蒂安將所有俘虜帶到宮廷中，并一一查驗(yàn)了他們每個(gè)人的身份和血統(tǒng)?！眮啔v山大意識(shí)到，這些貴族受到了不公正的待遇并且想改變這件事。他選擇赫菲斯蒂安幫助他，因?yàn)樗湃尾⒁蕾嚭辗扑沟侔驳臋C(jī)智和同理心。當(dāng)然，赫菲斯蒂安的堅(jiān)定不移也是亞歷山大所倚仗的。亞歷山大的決策引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)針對(duì)他的刺殺，一名高級(jí)軍官菲洛塔斯也被卷入此事。赫菲斯蒂安、克拉特魯斯和科納斯堅(jiān)持按照慣例實(shí)施懲罰。

After the execution of Philotas (330 BC), Hephaestion was appointed joint commander—with Cleitus—of the Companion cavalry, Philotas' former position. This dual appointment was a way of satisfying two divergent shades of opinion now hardening throughout the army: one, like Hephaestion, broadly supportive of Alexander's policy of integration, and the other, that of Philip's older veterans in particular, whose implacable resentment of Persian ways was well represented by Cleitus. The cavalry prospered under this command, showing itself equal to learning new tactics necessary against Scythian nomads and to counter-insurgency measures such as those deployed in the spring of 328 BC. The army set out from Balkh in five columns to spread through the valleys between the Oxus and Tanais[dubious – discuss] rivers to pacify Sogdiana. Hephaestion commanded one of the columns and, after arriving at Marakanda, he set out again to establish settlements in the region.

公元前330年，菲洛塔斯被處死后，赫菲斯蒂安被任命為聯(lián)合指揮官——和克雷塔斯一起——代替了菲洛塔斯之前的職位。這種雙重任命是一種滿足軍中兩種不同觀點(diǎn)的方式：一種是像赫菲斯蒂安一樣，堅(jiān)定不移的支持亞歷山大一體化（注：指波斯人和馬其頓人的融合）政策；另一種是追隨過前王菲利普的舊部，他們?cè)购薏o情的對(duì)待波斯人，像克雷塔斯那樣的。騎兵團(tuán)在這種帶領(lǐng)下取得了勝利，展示了他們的能力，表明他們也可以平等的學(xué)習(xí)新戰(zhàn)術(shù)來對(duì)抗塞西亞的游牧民族和鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂，比如公元前328年春天部署的戰(zhàn)役。軍隊(duì)從大夏（Balkh）出發(fā)，在奧克斯和塔納斯之間的山谷中擴(kuò)展為五列縱隊(duì)[此處存疑]，渡河平定索格底亞那。赫菲斯蒂安率領(lǐng)一列縱隊(duì)到達(dá)馬拉坎達(dá)后，又馬上著手建立居住點(diǎn)。

In spring 327 BC the army headed into India and Alexander divided his forces. He led his section north into the Swat Valley, while Hephaestion and Perdiccas took a sizeable contingent through the Khyber Pass. Hephaestion's orders were to "... take over either by force or agreement all places on their march and upon reaching the Indus to make suitable preparations for crossing." They were in unknown territory, whose political and geographical landscapes were unfamiliar, and Hephaestion would have had to make decisions on the spot and act accordingly. He reached the Indus with the land behind him conquered, including the successful siege of Peuceolatis, which took thirty days, and proceeded to organize the construction of boats for the crossing.

公元前327年春，軍隊(duì)進(jìn)入印度后兵分兩路。亞歷山大率兵往北進(jìn)入斯瓦特山谷，而赫菲斯蒂安和佩爾狄卡斯率領(lǐng)大半軍隊(duì)穿過開伯爾山口。赫菲斯蒂安的命令是：“……沿途所有地方通過武力占領(lǐng)或者協(xié)議同盟，沿途做好到達(dá)印度河后跨越邊境的準(zhǔn)備?！痹谀吧牡赜颦h(huán)境中，政治和地理都是不熟悉的，赫菲斯蒂安必須及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)各種不良遭遇。當(dāng)他到達(dá)印度河畔時(shí)，所過之境皆為臣屬，包括圍攻Peuceolatis（注：只在該詞條有該詞，應(yīng)為地名），軍隊(duì)花費(fèi)了三十天，組織并建造過河的渡船。

Alexander often had to divide his forces and command was given to a variety of senior officers on different occasions. For example, a few weeks before this mission of Hephaestion's, Craterus had been sent with a large force to subdue the last two remaining Bactrian rebels. It seems that Hephaestion was chosen when the objectives were far from clear-cut, and Alexander needed a commander on whom he could rely to do what he would have done himself without needing instructions.

亞歷山大經(jīng)常在不同的戰(zhàn)爭中將軍隊(duì)和指揮權(quán)分配到不同的高級(jí)軍官手中。舉個(gè)例子，在赫菲斯蒂安的任務(wù)前幾周，克拉特魯斯受命率領(lǐng)一支大軍鎮(zhèn)壓最后兩處大夏叛亂。在一切形勢(shì)尚不明確的時(shí)候，赫菲斯蒂安選擇了他，亞歷山大需要赫菲斯蒂安這樣一個(gè)可以依靠又不需要自己事事指示的指揮官。

Hephaestion took part in a notable cavalry charge at the battle of the Hydaspes river (326 BC). Then when the army began its homeward journey he was again entrusted with half the army, including the elite troops and two hundred elephants, as they travelled south-west along the banks of the Hydaspes. Some of the army, including Alexander himself, travelled in boats which had been provided by the sponsorship of leading courtiers. Arrian lists Hephaestion first among these "honorary trierarchs", indicating his leading position at this time. On entering hostile territory Alexander split his forces into three. Hephaestion's section marched "... five days in advance, with the object of intercepting and capturing any native troops which ... might be rapidly moving forward". Again, Hephaestion was called upon when initiative was required. After Alexander had taken a detour to subdue a hostile tribe, in which he was seriously injured, Hephaestion took command of the greater part of the army as they travelled down the Indus to the sea. At the coast he organized the construction of a fortress and a harbour for the fleet at Pattala.

在公元前326年的希達(dá)斯皮斯河戰(zhàn)役中，赫菲斯蒂安帶領(lǐng)騎兵進(jìn)行了一次著名的沖鋒。在軍隊(duì)回程的路上，赫菲斯蒂安又率命帶領(lǐng)一半軍隊(duì)：包括精銳部隊(duì)和二百頭大象，沿著希達(dá)斯皮斯河岸西南而行。包括亞歷山大本人在內(nèi)的一些軍隊(duì)乘坐的渡船是由主要朝臣贊助的。阿里安列舉了赫菲斯蒂安在這些“榮耀司令官”（注：雅典三層槳座戰(zhàn)船的修造人或司令官）中的表率作用以及領(lǐng)先地位。在進(jìn)入敵對(duì)地域時(shí)，亞歷山大將軍隊(duì)分為了三個(gè)部分。赫菲斯蒂安率領(lǐng)一隊(duì)前行：“……提前五天前進(jìn)，為大部隊(duì)攔截散兵和押送俘虜……盡可能迅速地前行?！庇忠淮?，赫菲斯蒂安被賦予了主動(dòng)行動(dòng)的權(quán)利。當(dāng)亞歷山大繞過一個(gè)敵對(duì)部落時(shí)，卻因此受了重傷，隨后赫菲斯蒂安在從印度河航行到海域的行軍中承擔(dān)了大部分軍隊(duì)的指揮權(quán)。在海邊，赫菲斯蒂安組織建造了一個(gè)要塞和組建了一支前往帕蒂亞拉港口的艦隊(duì)。

Hephaestion was in command at Pattala while Alexander advanced. When he rejoined Alexander at Rhambacia he established a city there also. Hephaestion crossed the Gedrosian desert with Alexander, sharing the torments of that journey and, when the army was safely back in Susa, he was decorated for bravery. He was to take part in no further fighting; he had only months to live. But, having ended his military career as Alexander's de facto second-in-command, he was also his second in the political sphere. Alexander had made that official by naming him Chiliarch. Photius mentions Perdiccas being appointed "... to command the chiliarchy which Hephaestion had originally held."

當(dāng)赫菲斯蒂安在帕蒂亞拉指揮時(shí)，亞歷山大帶兵繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。當(dāng)他們?cè)诹_比西亞（Rhambacia）會(huì)師時(shí)，赫菲斯蒂安已經(jīng)在那里建造了一座城市。赫菲斯蒂安和亞歷山大一起越過了格德羅斯沙漠，他們共享了那段痛苦的旅程，當(dāng)軍隊(duì)平安到達(dá)蘇薩后，赫菲斯蒂安因?yàn)橛赂冶槐碚谩ｋS后他再也沒有參與過之后的戰(zhàn)役；幾個(gè)月后赫菲斯蒂安就回歸了哈迪斯的懷抱。事實(shí)上，作為亞歷山大的副將結(jié)束了軍事生涯之后，他成為了亞歷山大政治領(lǐng)域的二把手。亞歷山大任命他為千夫長（Chiliarch）。佛提烏斯（注：寫亞歷山大大事記的人，僅存殘篇。）提到佩爾狄卡斯被任命為“……擔(dān)任赫菲斯蒂安最初擔(dān)任的千夫長。