原文標(biāo)題：
Data hacks
Once more unto the breach
A spate of cyber-attacks is making life miserable for Australians
數(shù)據(jù)黑客
再一次共赴戰(zhàn)場
一連串的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊讓澳大利亞人的生活變得糟糕透頂

Excessive data retention and sloppy security make the country look a juicy target
過度的數(shù)據(jù)保留和松懈的安全使得該國成為一個易受攻擊的目標(biāo)

[Paragraph 1]
“I LITERALLY HAVE no privacy any more,” groans Anita, a researcher in Western Australia (who, in a bid to regain some, asked TE to withhold her surname).
西澳大利亞州的研究員安妮塔嘆息道：“我再也沒有隱私了?！保榱酥孬@一些隱私，她要求本報不要透露自己的姓氏）

Her personal data has been stolen twice. On September 23rd her phone company, Optus, told her that she had been a “victim of a cyber-attack”, exposing her name, contact details, and passport and driving licence numbers.
她的個人數(shù)據(jù)兩次被盜。9月23日，她的電話公司Optus告訴她，她是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的受害者”，她的姓名、聯(lián)系方式、護照和駕照號碼遭泄漏。

A few weeks later she learnt that her private health insurer, AHM, had been hit in a separate attack.
幾周后，她得知她的私人健康保險公司AHM遭到另一起襲擊。

Her phone buzzes more often with spam calls and emails these days. She was recently the target of a phishing attempt.
這些天，她的手機經(jīng)常收到騷擾電話和垃圾郵件。她最近成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚攻擊的目標(biāo)。

[Paragraph 2]
Millions of Australians share that misery. A spate of big cyber-attacks has disrupted life down under.
數(shù)百萬澳大利亞人也有同樣的痛苦。一連串大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊擾亂了澳洲人的生活。

The one against Optus, Australia’s second-biggest telecoms company, affected up to 10m of its current and former customers—about 40% of the country’s population. More than a fifth of them had identity numbers stolen.
澳大利亞第二大電信公司Optus受到的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，使該國1000萬現(xiàn)客戶和前任戶受影響，約相當(dāng)于人口的40%。其中超過五分之一的人的身份證號碼被盜。

[Paragraph 3]
Medibank, a health insurer which owns AHM, revealed on October 13th that it had been targeted. The data of all its 4m customers was compromised, including sensitive information about their health claims.
AHM的母公司Medibank在10月13日透露，該公司已成為攻擊目標(biāo)。該公司400萬客戶的數(shù)據(jù)全都被泄漏，其中包括他們保險賠償?shù)拿舾行畔ⅰ?br>
The next day Woolworths, a supermarket, reported that its systems had been breached. An attack on MyDeal, an online marketplace that it owns, exposed information on 2.2m customers.
第二天，一家超市Woolworths報告稱系統(tǒng)遭到破壞。旗下的在線交易平臺MyDeal受攻擊，220萬客戶的信息遭泄漏。

A few days later Vinomofo, an online wine-seller, said hackers had accessed data on 500,000 customers from a testing platform.
幾天后，在線葡萄酒銷售商Vinomofo表示，黑客從一個試驗臺獲取了50萬名客戶的數(shù)據(jù)。

And on October 31st the country’s defence department said a ransomware attack had struck a communications platform it uses.
10月31日，該國國防部使用的通信平臺遭到勒索軟件攻擊。

[Paragraph 4]
It may be simply that big hacks are getting harder to hide, says Alastair MacGibbon, Australia’s former national cyber-security adviser. And each breach could entice copycats.
澳大利亞前國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全顧問阿拉斯泰爾·麥克吉本表示，這可能只是因為大型黑客事件很難隱藏。每一次泄漏都可能引來其他黑客。

But an increasingly plausible explanation is that Australia is the target of a state-backed campaign.
但有個合理的解釋原因是：澳大利亞成為受攻擊的目標(biāo)，可能有另一個國家在背后支持。

Russian hackers, he suggests, may be “starting to cause fear, uncertainty and doubt” in countries supporting Ukraine.
他認為，俄羅斯黑客可能正在給支持烏克蘭的國家“制造恐懼、不確定性和懷疑”。

[Paragraph 5]
Either way, Australians are hacked off at how much data their companies are hoarding.
無論什么原因，澳大利亞人被黑客攻擊的概率取決于公司囤積了數(shù)據(jù)量。

Successive governments have passed laws to beef up “national security” over the past decade or so.
過去十年左右，歷屆政府都通過了加強“國家安全”的法律。

The result has been to gather lots of data about everybody, says Vanessa Teague of Australian National University in Canberra.
堪培拉澳大利亞國立大學(xué)的瓦妮莎·蒂格表示，法律頒布的結(jié)果就是大量收集個人數(shù)據(jù)。

Companies operate under one of the most intrusive data-retention systems in the Western world.
澳洲企業(yè)需要在數(shù)據(jù)保留系統(tǒng)下運營，這個系統(tǒng)在西方世界里屬于易遭入侵類型。

Since 2017 telecoms firms have been required to retain customer metadata for two years. Medibank says it is required to hold data about its members for seven years.
自2017年以來，電信公司被要求保留客戶元數(shù)據(jù)兩年。Medibank表示被要求保留客戶數(shù)據(jù)七年。

[Paragraph 6]
Australian companies have eagerly gathered more data on their customers, but have done less to beef up their defences.
澳大利亞公司急不可待地收集了有關(guān)客戶的大量數(shù)據(jù)，但在加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全防御方面的舉措寥寥無幾。

It is unusual to find a cyber-security expert on an Australian firm’s board, notes Suelette Dreyfus, a data-security researcher at the University of Melbourne.
墨爾本大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)安全研究員蘇萊特·德雷福斯指出，在一家澳大利亞公司的董事會上很難找到一位網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全專家。

Replacing ageing IT systems has been treated as an inconvenient expense rather than a necessity, she adds.
她補充道，更換老化的IT系統(tǒng)已被視為一項“不便開支”，而非“必要開支”。

There is little in Australia’s data-protection laws to force more action.
澳大利亞的數(shù)據(jù)保護法幾乎沒有強制措施。

Its Privacy Act of 1988 was written “before the internet itself really existed”, says Brendan Walker-Munro of the University of Queensland.
昆士蘭大學(xué)的布倫丹·沃克·蒙羅表示，1988年的《隱私法》是“在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)流行之前”制定的。

The law asks companies to take “such steps as are reasonable” to safeguard data. Little punishment is imposed on those that fail to do so.
法律要求公司采取“合理的措施”來保護數(shù)據(jù)。但不作為的公司幾乎不會受到懲罰。

[Paragraph 7]
The Labor government, elected in May, wants to change that.
5月上臺的工黨政府希望改變這一現(xiàn)狀。

On October 26th it introduced legislation that would slap much bigger fines on firms struck by serious or repeated data breaches, lifting the penalty from A$2.2m ($1.4m) to A$50m or more.
10月26日，政府出臺了一項立法，會對嚴重或反復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)泄露的公司處以更高的罰款，將罰款從220萬澳元（140萬美元）提高到5000萬澳元或更多。

A wider review of Australia’s privacy law is also under way. Firms should be made to “dispose of data safely” after they have verified a customer’s identity, suggests the attorney-general, Mark Dreyfus.
《澳大利亞隱私法》也引發(fā)了更廣泛的評論。司法部長馬克·德雷福斯建議，公司應(yīng)在核實客戶身份后，應(yīng)該“安全地處理數(shù)據(jù)”。

[Paragraph 8]
The recent spate of breaches offers companies other reasons to bolster their defences, too.
最近一連串的泄漏事件讓公司有其他動力來維護網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。

Medibank’s shares plunged 20% after the hack. It estimates the attack will cost it up to A$35m before legal costs or payouts.
遭黑客攻擊后，Medibank的股價暴跌20%。據(jù)估計，除了法務(wù)成本和巨額賠付之外，此次襲擊將使其蒙受高達3500萬澳元的損失。

Optus is facing at least one class-action lawsuit. That is only the beginning of its problems. Fully 10% of its customers have abandoned the company since their data was stolen. Many more intend to follow.
Optus至少面臨一場集體訴訟。這只是問題的開始。自從他們的數(shù)據(jù)被盜后，有10%的客戶已經(jīng)放棄了該公司。更多人打算如法炮制。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量728左右）
原文出自：2022年11月5日《TE》Asia版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路
本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊（Cyber Attacks，也稱賽博攻擊）是指針對計算機信息系統(tǒng)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)或個人計算機設(shè)備的，任何類型的進攻動作。對于計算機和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)來說，破壞、揭露、修改、使軟件或服務(wù)失去功能、在沒有得到授權(quán)的情況下偷取或訪問任何一計算機的數(shù)據(jù)，都會被視為于計算機和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的攻擊。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚（Phishing，與釣魚的英語fishing發(fā)音相近，又名釣魚法或釣魚式攻擊）是通過大量發(fā)送聲稱來自于銀行或其他知名機構(gòu)的欺騙性垃圾郵件，意圖引誘收信人給出敏感信息（如用戶名、口令、帳號 ID 、 ATM PIN 碼或信用卡詳細信息）的一種攻擊方式。

【重點句子】（3?個）
Her phone buzzes more often with spam calls and emails these days. She was recently the target of a phishing attempt.
這些天，她的手機經(jīng)常收到騷擾電話和垃圾郵件。她最近成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚攻擊的目標(biāo)。

Either way, Australians are hacked off at how much data their companies are hoarding.
無論什么原因，澳大利亞人被黑客攻擊的概率取決于公司囤積了數(shù)據(jù)量。

The recent spate of breaches offers companies other reasons to bolster their defences, too.
最近一連串的泄漏事件讓公司有其他動力來維護網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。