正文翻譯

What seemingly unrelated animal has something very humanlike?

有哪些看似不相關(guān)的動(dòng)物有很像人類的地方？

評論翻譯

“April 2016, … Inky the octopus's great escape from the National Aquarium of New Zealand. The lid of Inky's tank was left ajar at night, and he took advantage of this by climbing out, walking across a room to a drain opening, and squeezing down a 160ft (50m) pipe to the open ocean.”
An octopus in the ocean was observed catching snails, taking them to a grotto, then moving stones to block the entrance so they were captured for later dining like Hansel and Gretel.

“2016年4月，新西蘭國家水族館的章魚大逃亡。晚上，Inky的水箱蓋半開著，他利用這一點(diǎn)爬了出來，穿過一個(gè)房間，走到排水口，擠下一條160英尺(50米)長的管道，匯入大海?！?br>人們觀察到海洋中的一只章魚捕捉蝸牛（的方法）——把它們帶到一個(gè)洞穴里，然后移動(dòng)石頭堵住洞口，這樣它們就被捕獲，并可以晚點(diǎn)再享用了。
鏈接：《為何章魚是海洋里的天才》

Jon Bourgetti
Snail mommies tell that story to snail babies to stop them from wandering away.

蝸牛媽媽會(huì)把這個(gè)故事講給蝸牛寶寶聽，防止它們亂跑。

K. Colin
“Running snails,” interesting concept.

“跑動(dòng)的蝸?！?，有趣的概念

Christopher Stanton
Not only are octopi maritime Einsteins, they are extremely tasty! What’s not to like? Seriously though, octopoid intelligence is simply amazing. Their evolutionary path must have been labyrinthine.
The sea snail tale is riotously funny. What a burglar! Give that critter a prize. “Hansel and Gretel”?!? You really need to do a lot more writing at Quora. This place is so bereft of humor as to be a desiccant.

章魚不僅是海洋里的愛因斯坦，而且它們非常美味!為什么不喜歡呢?不過說真的，章魚的智能簡直太驚人了，它們的進(jìn)化之路一定錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。
這個(gè)海蝸牛的故事非常有趣。厲害的小偷!給那個(gè)小動(dòng)物一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)品吧。

Will Wyrms
I believe they are at least one of the animals we should not be killing. This group includes elephants, whales, dolphins and porpoises. This is a short list, there are more.

我相信它們至少是我們不應(yīng)該捕殺的動(dòng)物之一。這類動(dòng)物包括大象、鯨魚、海豚和海豚。不一而足，還有更多。

Tae Hoon Kim
If we are going by intelligence, pigs. They are the Smartest domesticated animal.

如果真要算智商的話，還有豬。
它們是最聰明的家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。

Irfan Khan
Monkeys, of any kind.

猴子，任何一種（都算）。

Jon Bourgetti
Crows too

烏鴉也算。

Sadaf Dawar
Dogs

狗狗。

Elizabeth Mead
Woah. Respect for the octopi. Any who can open their own tanks and chow down on snails deserves a snail buffet. Hasta la Vista, Inky.. Catch ya oceanside!

向章魚致敬。
任何能自己開水箱吃蝸牛的動(dòng)物都值得享用蝸牛自助餐。
再見，Inky，暢享海洋吧!

Laurence Boorer, Retired (2020-present)
Worst task in Australia? Fingerprint technician in the outback.
Koalas have fingerprints that are almost identical to those of humans, How similar? Take a look at this:
The human fingerprint is on the left. This similarity has caused confusion in some cases, and doubtless will continue to do so, especially when working with partial prints.

Laurence Boorer，退休(2020-至今)
在澳大利亞，最糟糕的任務(wù)是什么?處理指紋的技術(shù)人員?？祭ò拇罄麃喬赜形锓N）的指紋與人類的指紋幾乎完全相同，有多相似?看看這個(gè):

左邊是人的指紋，這種相似性在某些情況下造成了混亂，而且毫無疑問將繼續(xù)造成混亂，特別是在處理部分指紋時(shí)。

Jon Bourgetti
Ma'am. print evidence appears that a koala stole your baby.”

“女士，指紋證據(jù)顯示是一只考拉偷了你的孩子?！?/p>

Sean Kernan, Son of Quora
They might seem quite alien to humans: (Fear not, it is a pouch to carry their young.)
But they actually share one very rare quality with humans:
Thumbs.
They are one of the only non-primates to have them.
They have them on their feet though, as they don’t have “hands” per se.
The opposable thumbs are used to help them climb more efficiently. They are fantastic climbers, which is what allows them to climb while carrying babies on their back.
They are the only marsupial in the United States.
They also have the most teeth of any mammal (50).
But they still need to figure out how to deal with cars though. Come to the United States, and the most common roadkill you will see are opossums.
They can only see a few feet in front of them and rely on Smell to navigate, hence the car problem.
If you do see a recently killed opossum, and you feel up to it, please check to see if it has young in its pouch, you can often rescue them this way.

Sean Kernan，Quora之子
負(fù)鼠，它們對人類來說可能很陌生:

不用害怕，這是一個(gè)裝幼崽的育兒袋。但它們實(shí)際上和人類有一個(gè)非常罕見的共同點(diǎn):

拇指。它們是唯一擁有這些的非靈長類動(dòng)物之一，這些都長在它們腳上，因?yàn)樗鼈儽旧頉]有“手”。對生拇指用來幫助他們更有效地攀爬。它們是很棒的攀登者，這使它們能夠背著嬰兒攀登。

它們是美國唯一的有袋動(dòng)物，它們的牙齒也是哺乳動(dòng)物中最多的(50顆)。
但是他們?nèi)匀恍枰宄绾翁幚砥?。在美國，你?huì)看到最常見的被車撞死的動(dòng)物是負(fù)鼠。
它們只能看到前方幾英尺的地方，靠氣味導(dǎo)航。
如果你確實(shí)看到一只最近被殺的負(fù)鼠，并且你覺得可行的話，請檢查一下它的袋里是否有幼崽，你通?？梢杂眠@種方式拯救它們。

Sean Kernan
Great point. Forgot to mention that!

很棒的一點(diǎn)，我忘了說了!

Anna Zauhar
I knew this and really think they are neat animals but did not know about the thumbs. Did you know that a clowder of cats will allow an opossum to eat with them? For some reason these very selfish creatures will allow them but no others to share a meal!

我知道這一點(diǎn)，也確實(shí)認(rèn)為它們是整潔的動(dòng)物，但還不知道拇指這回事。
但你知道一群貓會(huì)允許負(fù)鼠和它們一起吃飯嗎?
出于某種原因，這些非常自私的生物除了負(fù)鼠外不會(huì)跟其他任何生物分享食物!

Rudy Triana
Here in Sarasota they are everywhere. Some even call them “cute”, others call them ugly. I classify them as “cugly”. Their faces are horrendous lol, it’s like a hamster on steroids with a bad makeover

在薩拉索塔（美國西部城市），它們無處不在。
有些人倒是稱它們“可愛”，有些人則稱它們“丑陋”。
我把它們歸類為“丑萌”。他們的臉挺可怕的，哈哈哈，就像一個(gè)吃了類固醇的倉鼠，糟糕的造型。

Tony Castaldo
Great story. I research AI, and I agree. I think intelligence gets trained by the environment, and because environments are roughly the same, intelligence (when present) will tend toward convergence.
In a way, your story is about cultural learning: Jock learned something new by observing somebody else doing it. And it was tool use, no less. It would be even more interesting if Jock kept the scraper and spontaneously used it on his own when it was appropriate. He might have been rather bored in the tank, and cleaning it with a new and interesting tool was something to do!
It makes me wonder if anybody has tried to teach Octopi language skills …

很棒的故事。
我研究人工智能，我同意這點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)為智力是受環(huán)境訓(xùn)練的，因?yàn)榄h(huán)境大致相同，智力(當(dāng)存在時(shí))會(huì)趨同。
在某種程度上，你的故事是關(guān)于文化學(xué)習(xí)的:喬克通過觀察別人在做什么而學(xué)到新的東西。這是一種工具的使用。如果喬克保留刮刀，并在合適的時(shí)候自行使用的話，會(huì)更加有趣。
他可能在水箱里很無聊，用一種新的有趣的工具清潔水箱是一件很有意思的事情!
這讓我懷疑是否有人嘗試過教授章魚語言技能。

Claire Jordan
What always puzzles me is why no-one has taught language to an elephant. OK, they can’t exactly sign with only one “l(fā)imb” with one or two fingers on it, but I’m sure they could work a sturdy keyboard. I’m also sure they’re intelligent enough to understand barter - orangutans do - so if we could talk to them we could hire them to work for us, instead of enslaving them.

一直讓我困惑的是為什么沒有人教大象語言。
好吧，他們不可能用一個(gè)“肢體”的一兩個(gè)“手指”來寫字，但我相信他們可以使用一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的鍵盤。
我也肯定它們足夠聰明，懂得以物易物，猩猩就懂。
所以如果我們能和它們說話，我們就能雇傭它們?yōu)槲覀児ぷ鳎皇桥鬯鼈儭?/p>

Tony Castaldo
Well, by language I don’t mean spoken, but something using their natural abilities. Perhaps like gorillas, they can be taught to sign the things they want, or like Alex the Parrot taught to respond intelligibly for treats, or to solve puzzles for treats. Octopi do have fine motor control, and they can use tools, so they could draw signs, or sext one picture amongst many, etc.

我說的語言不是口頭的，而是能運(yùn)用他們的天賦的東西。
也許就像大猩猩一樣，它們可以被教會(huì)在它們想要的東西上簽名，或者像鸚鵡亞歷克斯被教授對食物做出明確反應(yīng)，或解謎獲得食物。
章魚確實(shí)有精細(xì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，它們可以使用工具，所以它們可以畫符號，或者從許多圖片中選擇一張，等等。

Alice Thompson
Claire, you have come to the same conclusion that I did.
That in order for high intelligence to lead to a technologically advanced society, they have to think in a logical cooperative way, and it would take the same kind of characteristics to make a successful society as we use to make successful societies.
Which means.. more commonalities than differences.

樓主，你得出了和我一樣的結(jié)論。
為了讓高智能引領(lǐng)一個(gè)技術(shù)先進(jìn)的社會(huì)，他們必須以一種邏輯合作的方式來思考，這將需要同樣的特征來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)成功的社會(huì)，就像我們創(chuàng)造成功的社會(huì)一樣。
這意味著……共性多于差異。

Micah Eric Ottaway
Astrophysicists have been contemplating whether or not intelligence is convergent for decades (part of the reason SETI exists). I believe we do observe that intelligence is convergent in Small glimpses from time to time in a few species here on earth. It is a very fascinating topic.

幾十年來，天體物理學(xué)家一直在思考智慧是否會(huì)趨同。
我相信我們確實(shí)觀察到，智慧在地球上的一些物種中偶爾會(huì)有微小的趨同。
這是一個(gè)非常吸引人的話題。

Ed Caruthers
As far as we can tell, he laws of nature are the same everywhere in the universe. I agree that intelligence must be somewhat convergent. We all have to understand the same universe and use the same laws to deal with the universe.

就我們所知，自然界的法則在宇宙的任何地方都是一樣的。
我同意智力一定是趨同的。我們都必須理解相同的宇宙，使用相同的定律來處理宇宙。

Brian Paul Jenny
Octopuses also are skilled escape artists, as you likely know. I used to take my young son to see one in the D.C. National Zoo. When he was gone from his tank, I asked. He had slung an arm up and grabbed an overhead pipe, pulled himself out of the tank. But, like many escapees, he landed badly, on a floor with no water. He was replaced weeks later. I cannot recall if his body was outlined like a crime scene. They are extraordinary.

你可能知道，章魚也是熟練的逃跑高手。我以前常帶我的小兒子去華盛頓國家動(dòng)物園看章魚。
那一次，他從水箱里跑了出來。他吊起一只胳膊，抓住頭頂上的一根管子，把自己拉出了水箱。但是，像許多逃跑者一樣，他摔得很慘，落在了沒有水的地板上。
幾周后，他被替換掉了。我不記得他的尸體是不是像犯罪現(xiàn)場一樣，但他們是非凡的。

Andrew Ness
Great stuff. Don't know if you have read “Other Minds” by Peter Godfrey Smith, which explores octopus intelligence? There are many stories like that in there.

很棒的故事。
不知道你是否讀過彼得·戈弗雷·史密斯(Peter Godfrey Smith)的《其他心靈》(Other Minds)，這本書探索了章魚的智力。
里面有很多這樣的故事。

John Harland
In an alternative universe octopus might have begun to nurture their young and passed on their learning to succeeding generations.
The thought upsets all the anthropocentric assumptions about culture and the development of intelligence look very shaky.

在另一個(gè)宇宙中，章魚可能已經(jīng)開始哺育它們的后代，并將它們的知識傳給下一代。
這個(gè)想法顛覆了所有關(guān)于文化和智力發(fā)展的人類中心假設(shè)，看起來非常不可靠。

Jim GrosSmann
It would have to be a unique species of octopus. Octopuses only live for about four years, and die after they spawn. Between these two facts, a true octopus culture is impossible.

它必須是一種獨(dú)特的章魚。
章魚的壽命只有四年左右，產(chǎn)卵后就會(huì)死亡。有了這兩個(gè)事實(shí)，真正的章魚文化是不可能的。

John Harland
Things can change. It is not impossible that some octopus might evolve to live on after spawning and care for their brood.
A true fish culture is “impossible” too but the distant offspring of fish have learned to care for their young and to pass on culture so that they evolved considerable intelligence, technology and civilisation.
That was a far bigger change than what I am suggesting.

事物是可以改變的。
有些章魚可能會(huì)進(jìn)化到在產(chǎn)卵后繼續(xù)生存并照顧它們的后代，這并非不可能。
盡管一種真正的魚類文化是“不可能的”，但是魚類的遙遠(yuǎn)后代（興許）已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)照顧它們的后代，并將文化傳承下去，因此它們進(jìn)化出可觀的智力、技術(shù)和文明。

Crystal Gillis
Hmm. I wish at least one of the cats or dogs I've had would've been like the octopus. Not a single one has ever cleaned up their own mess!

嗯。我希望我養(yǎng)過的貓或狗中至少有一只能像章魚一樣。
沒有一只會(huì)收拾自己的爛攤子!

Robert Neale
I have heard a story about an octopus that was given a treat inside a screw-top jar. It took the octopus a couple of hours to figure out how to unscrew the top of the jar and get the treat. In a neighboring tank, there was another octopus that could (and did) watch the first one. When given the chance, it took the second octopus less than a half hour to unscrew the top.

我聽過一個(gè)關(guān)于章魚的故事，它在一個(gè)旋蓋的罐子里得到了美食。
這只章魚花了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才弄明白如何擰開罐子的蓋子，然后得到了美味。
在鄰近的水箱里，有另一只章魚能夠(而且確實(shí))看到第一只章魚（的舉動(dòng)）。在它也得到了有機(jī)會(huì)后，第二只章魚用了不到半小時(shí)就擰開了瓶蓋。

John J. Peloquin
I love to eat octopus, but stories like this make me reconsider.

我喜歡吃章魚，但像這樣的故事讓我重新考慮。

Peter Knutsen
I feel that it’s wrong to eat pigs, because unlike other food mammals they’re above my threshold for “to intelligent to be food”.
The problem is, bacon is really delicious, so I’m not living in accord with my own principles.

我覺得吃豬是不對的，因?yàn)樨i不像其他食用類哺乳動(dòng)物，它們超過了我“聰明到不能作為食物”的閾值。
問題是，培根真的很好吃，所以我并沒有按照我自己的原則生活。

David Bresson
The other element is parenting. Octopuses follow the r strategy, bearing thousands of eggs in one go, and don't give them individual attention raising them. In fact, octopus mothers generally don't eat while their eggs are incubating and die shortly after the eggs hatch.
The lack of active parenting prevents passing down knowledge from generation to generation. With no education, no culture or sustained advancement can happen as it does in humans.

另一個(gè)因素是養(yǎng)育。章魚遵循自己的策略，一次產(chǎn)下數(shù)千個(gè)卵，在繁育過程中不給它們單獨(dú)的關(guān)注。
事實(shí)上，章魚媽媽通常在蛋孵化期間不吃東西，在蛋孵化后不久就會(huì)死亡。
缺乏積極的養(yǎng)育阻礙了知識的代代相傳。沒有教育，沒有文化，沒有持續(xù)的進(jìn)步，就不會(huì)像人類一樣。