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2001年考研英語閱讀真題及解析【第二篇】

2022-07-16 09:43 作者:陪看書的小白  | 我要投稿

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注解:標(biāo)題為紅色,翻譯為藍(lán)色,分析為綠色。

? ? ? ??A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

????????There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business?to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result,I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we' ve ever had.

????????0f course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.

????????To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial pre judices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you' re going to be. That doesn't mean 1ying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文主要討論因特網(wǎng)在信息時(shí)代的重要性及如何利用外資幫助貧困國家搞好第三次電子基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。作者從“數(shù)字化分界”(digital divide)的概念入手,談及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)消除數(shù)字化分界的作用,最后呼吁貧困國家積極引用外資普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

第一段:前半部分提出很多人對(duì)于數(shù)字化分界的出現(xiàn)比較擔(dān)憂,但是作者認(rèn)為情況還是令人樂觀的。

第二段:第一句為主題句,中間部分說理論證,倒數(shù)第二句話進(jìn)行總結(jié)。該段從技術(shù)角度證明數(shù)字化分界會(huì)縮小。

第三、四段:要想充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng),就要積極利用外資。無論是在第二次基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)浪潮中的美國,還是現(xiàn)在第三次電子基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)浪潮(指電子產(chǎn)業(yè)設(shè)施,如:互聯(lián)網(wǎng))中的貧困國家,外資引進(jìn)同樣十分重要。

25. Digital divide is something __________.

[A] getting worse because of the Internet

[B] the rich countries are responsible for?

[C] the world must guard against?

[D] considered positive today?

25.數(shù)字化分界是__________

【A】差異因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)而(變惡化)加大

【B】應(yīng)該由富裕國家負(fù)責(zé)

【C】全世界應(yīng)該警惕

【D】信息差現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是積極的因素

26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it __________.

[A] offers economic potentials

[B] can bring foreign funds

[C] can soon wipe out world poverty?

D] connects people all over the world?

26.政府重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是因?yàn)?span id="2s04ssssssss" class="color-blue-03">__________。

【A】提供經(jīng)濟(jì)潛能

【B】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以帶來海外投資

【C】能很快消滅貧困

【D】它將世界連成一片


27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of?_________ .

[A] providing financial support overseas?

[B] preventing foreign capital's control?

[C] building industrial infrastructure?

[D] accepting foreign investment?

27.作者提及美國的例子是要證明?_________的政策是正確的。

【A】向海外提供資金援助

【B】防止外資的控制

【C】建立工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

【D】接受外資

28. It seems that now a country's economy depands much on _________ .

[A] how well-developed it is electronically

[B]whether it is pre judiced against immigrants

[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern

[D]how much control it has over foreign

corporations

28.現(xiàn)在一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)很大程度上似乎取決于?_________?。

【A】其電子工業(yè)發(fā)展的程度

【B】它是否反對(duì)外來移民

【C】它是否采用美國的產(chǎn)業(yè)模式

【D】它在多大程度上控制著外企

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

(1)attention

做“注意力”講是不可數(shù)名詞,

搭配上分為兩類:

一是“(某事)引起(某人的)注意”,

如:attract/arrest/call/catch/draw/get/invite one's attention to sth.,engage one's attention;

二是“(某人)注意(某事)

concentrate attention upon/on sth.,devote/turn/give attention to sth,

此外,divert attention from sth(轉(zhuǎn)移注意力)

(2)digital divide

數(shù)字化分界;

digital(a.)數(shù)字的,信息的;

divide(n.)分界線,分水嶺,差異

(3)lecture

(n./v.)演講,講課,

lecture to somebody on something;教訓(xùn),譴責(zé)

(4)commercialize

(v.)商業(yè)化;-ize后綴意為“…化”,

如:universalize普遍化。

(5)access

(n.)通道,訪問,接近,接近權(quán),享用權(quán),

have/gain/get/obtain access to sth.,(v.)存取,接近,得到,了解;

accessible(a.)易接近的,可到達(dá)的,易受影響的,可理解的;

inaccessible(a.)無法接近的,不能達(dá)到的,難懂的

(6)combat

(n./v.)搏斗,斗爭,

combat poverty對(duì)抗貧困,

也可用defeat poverty。

(7)impoverished

(a.)貧窮的,詞根-pover-意為“貧窮”,

impoverish:使貧窮

(8)anti-colonial

(a.)反殖民主義的,

anti-前綴表示“反,抗”,

如:

antibody抗生素;

antislavery反奴隸制

(9)sovereignty

(n.)主權(quán)(國家),君主,

詞根-reign-意為“統(tǒng)治,支配”。

(10)infrastructure

(n.)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,前綴infra-表示“下,低”,

如:

infrared紅外線(低于紅線),

infrasound亞音速(低于音速)。

三、閱讀答案:C?A D A

四、全文翻譯:

? ? ???今天,人們正在高度重視所謂數(shù)字化分界——世界上信息資源豐富的地區(qū)和信息資源貧乏的地區(qū)之間的差異。這個(gè)差異確實(shí)存在,我和我妻子20年前就曾就當(dāng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的這種臨近的危險(xiǎn)做過演講。然而,那時(shí)還不太明顯的是一些抵制數(shù)字化分界的、新的積極因素。現(xiàn)在我們是完全有理由感到樂觀的。

? ? ? ?一些技術(shù)上的因素使我們有理由期望數(shù)字化分界會(huì)縮小。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日趨商業(yè)化,普及上網(wǎng)對(duì)商家是有利的一一畢竟,上網(wǎng)人數(shù)越多,潛在的客戶就越多。越來越多的政府,惟恐自己的國家落后,紛紛推廣互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及。未來一二十年之內(nèi),全球?qū)⒂幸欢畠|人加入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。因此,我認(rèn)為在未來的數(shù)年中,數(shù)字化分界將縮小而不會(huì)變大。那是好消息,因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)完全可以成為我們戰(zhàn)勝所面臨的貧困的最強(qiáng)有效的工具。

????????當(dāng)然,使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是惟一戰(zhàn)勝貧困的方法。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也不是我們所擁有的惟一工具,但它卻有巨大的潛力。

????????要想利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這一工具,某些貧困國家必須克服對(duì)外國投資所持的過時(shí)了的反殖民主義偏見。那些認(rèn)為外國投資是侵犯本國主權(quán)的國家不妨研究一下美國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(社會(huì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))建設(shè)歷史。當(dāng)初美國建設(shè)自己的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時(shí),缺乏必要的資金,因此美國的第二次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),包括公路、港口、高速公路、港口城市等等一—都是用國外資金建造的。英國人、德國人、荷蘭人和法國人都在前英國殖民地投資。他們提供資金,美洲移民建造。想想看,現(xiàn)在誰擁有這一切?美國人。我想,在這件事上,像巴西或其他任何地方同樣也該這樣。你擁有的去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)的外國資金越多,那么你的情況就越好。這并不是說卑躬屈膝,任人愚弄,也不是對(duì)外國公司不加控制。但這的確意味著你已認(rèn)識(shí)到外國公司對(duì)本國能源及通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的重要性,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所必要的。



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