來源：United Nations

Rarely has the importance of maritime logistics for trade and development been more evident than during?the last year. Historically high and volatile freight rates, congestion, closed ports and new demands?for shipping following COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine have all had measurable impacts on people’s?lives.??With ships carrying over 80% of volume of global trade, higher shipping costs and lower maritime?connectivity lead to higher inflation, shortages of food, and interruptions of supply chains – all of which are?among the features of the current global crisis.

Concretely, the?Review?estimates that higher grain prices and dry bulk freight rates in early 2022 contribute?to a 1.2 per cent increase in consumer food prices. Container ships spent 13.7 per cent longer in port?in 2021 compared to 2020, exacerbating delays and shortages. And during the last year, total green?house-gas emissions from the world fleet increased by 4.7 per cent.

UNCTAD’s?Review of Maritime Transport?has assessed and accompanied developments in shipping and?seaports since 1968. The experience and extensive data sets generated during the last decades help?UNCTAD provide a comprehensive and thorough assessment of the causes and impacts of the trends?covered in theReview. And the message emanating from our analysis is clear: The world again needs the?shipping industry to navigate through the rough seas of crises.

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