passage5

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

? ? ? ? Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.

? ? ? ? That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide theme asuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.

? ? ? ?The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

? ? ? ? 這是一篇純自然科學(xué)的文章。主要介紹了”熱點(diǎn)”現(xiàn)象以及其對(duì)地質(zhì)板塊學(xué)研究的重要意義。由于文章目的是解釋一種理論，因此，從語言上講，描寫成分比較多。

? ? ? ?第一段：對(duì)于中心概念”熱點(diǎn)“進(jìn)行了描述，實(shí)際相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定義。

? ? ? ?第二段：從大陸板塊移動(dòng)談起，后半段指出”熱點(diǎn)”理論對(duì)于地質(zhì)板塊學(xué)研究的一個(gè)意義，即，作為參照。

? ? ? ?第三段：“熱點(diǎn)”理論對(duì)于地質(zhì)板塊學(xué)研究的第二個(gè)意義，即，影響地球物理過程，如海洋的形成。

1.The author believes that.

[A]the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interior

[B]the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true

[C]the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions

[D]the movement of hot spots proves the?continents are moving apart.

1.作者相信的觀點(diǎn)是。

[A]板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)與地球內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)相一致

[B]地質(zhì)學(xué)上的板塊漂移說被證明是正確的

[C]熱點(diǎn)和板塊向相反方向緩慢地移動(dòng)

[D]熱點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)證明各大洲（即大陸板塊）正在彼此分開

【

the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior?一個(gè)板塊相對(duì)于另一個(gè)板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)不容易解釋為相對(duì)于地球內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)，A選項(xiàng)相反。故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.板塊正在移動(dòng)(的理論)，這一點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在毋庸置疑。故B選項(xiàng)正確。

The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.承載這些大陸的板塊的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)詳細(xì)構(gòu)建，但一個(gè)板塊相對(duì)于另一個(gè)板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)無法輕易解釋為相對(duì)于地球內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)。這段表明板塊與板塊之間確實(shí)有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，相反運(yùn)動(dòng)，但是熱點(diǎn)和板塊之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系，文章沒有給出定論。故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.從對(duì)熱點(diǎn)人口的分析來看，非洲板塊似乎是靜止的，在過去的3000萬年里沒有移動(dòng)過。可以推測(cè)非洲板塊靜止不動(dòng)的。并且第二段是在說美洲的板塊漂移，并不能說各大洲都正在彼此分開。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)過度延伸。故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

】

2.That Africa and South America were oncejoined can be deduced from the fact that.

[A] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions

[B] they have been found to share certain geological features

[C] the African plate has been stable for 30 million years

[D]over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe

2.非洲和南美洲曾經(jīng)彼此相連可以從這一事實(shí)推斷出來。

[A]這兩個(gè)大陸仍然在向相反的方向移動(dòng)

[B]它們被發(fā)現(xiàn)具有某些共同的地質(zhì)特征

[C]非洲板塊至少3000萬年未移動(dòng)

[D]地球各地散布著一百多個(gè)熱點(diǎn)

【

對(duì)于A選項(xiàng)。From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and?that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.從對(duì)熱點(diǎn)人口的分析來看，非洲板塊似乎是靜止的，在過去的3000萬年里沒有移動(dòng)過。The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail承載這些大陸的板塊的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)被詳細(xì)地構(gòu)造出來了?？芍?span id="2s04ssssssss" class="color-green-03">非洲大陸是靜止的，而美洲大陸是漂移開的，而選項(xiàng)是兩個(gè)大陸仍然在向相反的方向移動(dòng)。故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

對(duì)于B選項(xiàng)。The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.?互補(bǔ)的海岸線和某些似乎橫跨海洋的地質(zhì)特征提醒我們這兩大洲曾經(jīng)相連。所有可以推知是具有某些共同的地質(zhì)特征。故B選項(xiàng)正確。

對(duì)于C選項(xiàng)?！胺侵藓湍厦乐拊?jīng)彼此相連可以從這一事實(shí)推斷出來”和“非洲板塊至少3000萬年未移動(dòng)”沒有必然關(guān)系。故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

對(duì)于D選項(xiàng)。文章開頭提到地球各地散布著一百多個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，但是也跟“非洲和南美洲曾經(jīng)彼此相連可以從這一事實(shí)推斷出來”沒有必然關(guān)系。故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

】

3.The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining.

[A]the structure of the African plates

[B]the revival of dead volcanoes

[C]the mobility of the continents

[D]the formation of new oceans

3.在解釋方面熱點(diǎn)理論可以被證明是有用的。

[A]非洲板塊的結(jié)構(gòu)

[B]死火山的復(fù)蘇

[C]大陸板塊的移動(dòng)性

[D]新海洋的形成

【

對(duì)于A選項(xiàng)。From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and?that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.從對(duì)熱點(diǎn)人口的分析來看，非洲板塊似乎是靜止的，在過去的3000萬年里沒有移動(dòng)過。熱點(diǎn)可以解釋非洲板塊靜止不動(dòng)，但是不能從根本上解釋非洲板塊的結(jié)構(gòu)。故A選項(xiàng)粗偶。

對(duì)于B選項(xiàng)。文章只有一處提到死火山。and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes.?在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過它們的運(yùn)動(dòng)留下了死火山的痕跡。但是并沒有提及過死火山的復(fù)蘇。

對(duì)于C選項(xiàng)。That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.板塊漂移這一理論現(xiàn)在是毋庸置疑的。Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).因此，正如早期的理論解釋了大陸的流動(dòng)性一樣，而熱點(diǎn)可能解釋它們的可變性（不穩(wěn)定性）。也就是說早期的理論早已解釋了大陸板塊的移動(dòng)性，熱點(diǎn)是可能解釋它們的可變性（不穩(wěn)定性）的。故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

對(duì)于D選項(xiàng)。對(duì)應(yīng)原文的句子so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. 因此熱點(diǎn)引發(fā)了新海洋的形成。故D選項(xiàng)正確。

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4.The passage is mainly about.

[A]the features of volcanic activities

[B]the importance of the theory about drifting plates

[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies

|[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes

4.本文主要是關(guān)于。

[A]火山活動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)

[B]板塊漂移理論的重要性

[C]熱點(diǎn)學(xué)說在地質(zhì)物理研究中的重要性

[D]火山的形成過程

【

對(duì)于A,D選項(xiàng)。本文只是提及了火山和死火山，但本文中心議論的不是火山運(yùn)動(dòng)和火山形成。故A,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

本文重點(diǎn)是議論熱點(diǎn)理論對(duì)地質(zhì)研究的作用。特別從段尾最后一句，Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).因此，正如早期的理論解釋了大陸的流動(dòng)性一樣，熱點(diǎn)也可以解釋它們的可變性（不穩(wěn)定性）。故本文是展示熱點(diǎn)學(xué)說在地質(zhì)物理研究中的重要性。故選C選項(xiàng)正確。

對(duì)于B選項(xiàng)。本文全篇并沒有去討論板塊漂移理論，而是在討論熱點(diǎn)理論。只是在第二段的時(shí)候?yàn)榱苏f明熱點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，提到了板塊漂移理論。B選項(xiàng)以偏概全。故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

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二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

（1）isolated（a.）隔離的，孤立的；isolate（v.）孤立，隔離；isolation（n.）隔絕，孤立，隔離

（2）volcanic（a.）火山的；猛烈的，易突然發(fā)作的；volcano（n.）火山

（3）trail（n.）蹤跡，痕跡，形跡（v.）跟蹤，追蹤，拉，拖

（4）milestone（n.）里程碑；人生或歷史上重大事件或轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)

（5）stationary（a.）靜止的，固定的；stationery（n.）文具

（6）confine（v.）（to，within）限制，局限于；管制

（7）propel（v.）推進(jìn)，推動(dòng)；激勵(lì)，驅(qū)策

（8）fissure（n.）裂縫，裂隙（v.）

（9）initiate（v.）開始，發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起，提議；initiation（n.）；initiator（n.）創(chuàng)始人，發(fā)起人，傳授者，教導(dǎo)者

（10）mobility（n.）運(yùn)動(dòng)性，穩(wěn)定性

（11）mutability（n.）可變性，易變性，不定性

三、閱讀答案：B B D C

四、全文翻譯：?

? ? ? ? 地球上散落分布著一百多個(gè)互不相連的小火山活動(dòng)區(qū)，被地質(zhì)學(xué)家稱為熱點(diǎn)。和世界上大多數(shù)火山不同的是，它們并不總是在構(gòu)成地球表面的巨大漂流板塊之間的邊界上被發(fā)現(xiàn)；相反，許多熱點(diǎn)深藏于板塊內(nèi)部。大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)只緩慢地移動(dòng)，有時(shí)，經(jīng)過這些熱點(diǎn)的板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)留下了死火山的痕跡。熱點(diǎn)及其火山痕跡是標(biāo)志板塊遷移的里程碑。

? ? ? ?板塊漂移這一理論現(xiàn)在是毋庸置疑的。以非洲和南美洲為例，由于有新的物質(zhì)注入二者之間的海底，兩大洲正在彼此分離。但互相吻合的海岸線和某些似乎跨越海洋的地質(zhì)特征會(huì)使人想到這兩個(gè)大陸曾經(jīng)是連在一起的。攜帶這些大陸的板塊的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)能夠被詳細(xì)地闡述出來，但一個(gè)板塊相對(duì)另一板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)還不能輕易地解釋為相對(duì)于地球內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)。人們不能確定兩個(gè)大陸是在朝相反的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，還是一個(gè)大陸停止不動(dòng)而另一個(gè)從它身邊漂移開去。位于地球更深層的熱點(diǎn)提供了解決該問題所需要的測(cè)量儀器。從熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)的人口情況分析來看，非洲板塊似乎是靜止不動(dòng)的，在過去3000萬年里都沒有移動(dòng)過。

? ? ? ? 熱點(diǎn)的重要性不僅限于作為參照體系這一作用?，F(xiàn)在看來，它們還對(duì)推動(dòng)板塊在地球表面漂移這一地球物理過程有重要影響。當(dāng)大陸板塊漂移到熱點(diǎn)上方，來自地球深層的物質(zhì)便形成了巨大的圓頂狀隆起物。隨著這個(gè)圓頂?shù)脑鲩L，板塊出現(xiàn)深深的裂縫。至少有幾次，大陸可能會(huì)沿著其中的一些裂縫完全裂開了，因此這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)就引發(fā)了一個(gè)新的海洋的形成。這樣，正像早期的理論解釋了大陸的移動(dòng)性一樣，熱點(diǎn)理論或許能解釋大陸板塊的不穩(wěn)定性。

五.地毯式總結(jié)

Scattered around the globe 分散在全球各地

small regions of isolated volcanic activity 孤立火山活動(dòng)的小區(qū)域

known to geologists as hot spots 地質(zhì)學(xué)家稱之為熱點(diǎn)

Unlike most of the world's volcanoes 與世界上大多數(shù)火山不同

at the boundaries of the great drifting plates 在大漂移板塊的邊界

make up the earth's surface 構(gòu)成地球表面

on the contrary 相反地

in the interior of a plate 在地球板塊的內(nèi)部

left trails of dead volcanoes 死火山留下的痕跡

volcanic trails 火山遺跡

milestones that mark the passage of the plates. 標(biāo)志著板塊通過的里程碑。

beyond dispute?毫無疑問，無可爭辯

is injected into the sea floor 被注入海床

The complementary coastlines and certain geological features 互補(bǔ)的海岸線和某些地質(zhì)特征

span the ocean 跨越海洋

reminder 提醒

the two continents were once joined 這兩大洲曾經(jīng)相連

The relative motion 相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)

be constructed in detail 詳細(xì)建造

with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior 相對(duì)于另一個(gè)不容易解釋為相對(duì)于地球內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)

in opposite directions 在相反的方向

stationary 不動(dòng)的

Hot spots,anchored in the deeper layers of the earth 熱點(diǎn)，錨定在地球的深層

provide theme asuring instruments needed to resolve the question. 提供了解決該問題所需要的測(cè)量儀器

the hot-spot population 熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)的人口情況

as a frame of reference. 作為參考框架。

propel the plates across the globe 推動(dòng)板塊穿越全球

a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot 大陸板塊在一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)上靜止

create a broad dome 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)寬闊的圓頂

As the dome grows 隨著圓頂?shù)纳L

it develops deep fissures(cracks); 發(fā)育深部裂隙（裂隙）；

the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean 熱點(diǎn)引發(fā)了新海洋的形成

Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).因此，正如早期的理論解釋了大陸的流動(dòng)性一樣，熱點(diǎn)也可以解釋它們的可變性（不穩(wěn)定性）。