L22 Technology & Psychotherapy?

參考文獻(xiàn)：Pomerantz, A. (2013). Clinical psychology: science, practice, and culture (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

22.1 Reasons to Use Technology in Psychological Services

? About 20% of people meet criteria for a mental disorder in any given year

? Most people do not receive any treatment services

- 59% received no treatment at all

- 16% met with a mental health professional specifically trained in psychotherapy and counseling (e.g., psychologist, social worker, counselor)

? Patient-level barriers to care: economics, gender, etc.

? Systems-level barriers to care: Not enough mental health professionals available

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Technology in Everyday Life?& Changes in Internet & Device Use

Internet for Health Information: Technology already commonly used for health-related?topics by most adults in the U.S.

Internet for Mental Health Resources

? Evidence that the Internet is an important source of?information related to mental health

? Survey of 337 patients in a psychiatry department

- Sample included both inpatient and outpatient clients

- Internet users: 71% used it for reasons related to mental health

? 57.8% for?information on?mental disorders

? 43.7% for?information on?psychiatric medication

? 38.8% for information on mental health professionals

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22.2 Telepsychology

? Telepsychology: Provision of psychological services using telecommunication technology - Use of technology-based tools in the direct delivery of psychological services: Telehealth, Telemental health, Cybertherapy, eTherapy, eMental Health, Online/Internet Therapy, etc.

? Wide variety of forms that telepsychology takes now:

- Secure videoconference software

- Interactive websites with practice tools and resources

- Internet-based self-help programs

- Emailing and texting

- Apps

- Virtual reality programs for exposure therapy activities

? Additional areas where programs are being developed:

- Socially assistive robotics

- Video games and gamified programs

- Resources based in social media platforms

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Evidence Supporting Telepsychology

? These are newer treatments, so we are still collecting data?to evaluate their efficacy and effectiveness

? So far…results are very promising!

? Treatment studies, randomized?controlled trials, reviews of studies,?and meta-analyses indicate that?outcomes for telepsychology are?similar to those observed in face-to-face treatments

? Meta-analysis of internet-delivered CBT (Andrews et al.,?2018)

- Major Depressive Disorder

- Panic Disorder

- Social Anxiety Disorder

- Generalized Anxiety Disorder

? 64 trials were included in the analyses

- Significant improvement with treatment

- Patients were satisfied to very satisfied

- No difference when internet-delivered CBT was compared to?face-to-face CBT (9 studies)

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22.3 Challenges in Integrating Technology

? Need for more research and evidence

- Many questions related to the efficacy of apps

? Client engagement with tools

- Telepsychology tools that do not involve therapist contact?present special challenges for keeping clients engaged

? Security-related concerns

- Special requirements for videoconference programs

- Major privacy concerns?related to apps and online?programs that save user data