重難點(diǎn)分析

高考命題導(dǎo)向：“It is/was…who/that…”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是高考語(yǔ)法填空考查的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。此句型可強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，用do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形。高考通?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句與幾個(gè)易混句型連詞的使用和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的問(wèn)句。

一、相關(guān)句型構(gòu)成的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1. 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+ that/who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人)+其他部分。如：

It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天遇見(jiàn)李平的。

2. 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。如：

Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 他是昨天遇見(jiàn)李平的嗎？

3. 特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞)+ is/was + it + that/who + 其他部分？

When and where was it that you were born? 你是何時(shí)何地出生的？

4. not…until…句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

A. 句型為：It is/was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其他部分

普通句：He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用。

5. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)

A. It is/was ... that ... 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/does或did。如：

Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必(千萬(wàn))要小心??！

注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/does和did，沒(méi)有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。

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二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型注意事項(xiàng)一覽表

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說(shuō)明

例句

1

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致

It is he who/that often does good deeds. 是他經(jīng)常做好事。

It is I who/that am looking for you. 是我找你。

2

被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分除了指人時(shí)連詞可用who/whom之外，其他情況下只能用that

It is the book that I ? want. 這是我要的書(shū)。

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not…until…句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

It was not until you told ? me that I realized my mistake.

= Not until you told me ? did I realize my mistake.

= I didn’t realize my ? mistake until you told me.

直到你告訴我，我才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。

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與主語(yǔ)從句(It is/was…that-clause)的區(qū)別

It is true/a fact that ? they won the game. (it是形式主語(yǔ)) 他們贏得了比賽是事實(shí)。(去掉It ? was…that后句子已不完整)

It was in Xiamen that I ? first met him. 是在廈門(mén)我第一次遇到他。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句特點(diǎn)：去掉It ? was…that后句子仍完整)

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與“It be…before(時(shí)間過(guò)多久才……) /since(自……以來(lái)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了)句型”的區(qū)別

It was two hours before he ? worked out the problem. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)后他才算出這道題。

It is two years since he ? joined the army. 他參軍已兩年了。

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與“It be…when/where定語(yǔ)從句”的區(qū)別

It was in 1919 that he was ? born. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 他于1919年出生。

It was 1919 when the May 4th ? Movement took place. (定語(yǔ)從句) 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生于1919年。

It was in Beijing that I ? met him. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 我在北京遇到他的。

It was Beijing where I met ? him. (定語(yǔ)從句) 我在北京遇到了他。

注意：在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)事物時(shí)常用which來(lái)代替that。

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞填空。

1. It was along the Mississippi River ___________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

2. It is the ability to do the job ___________ matters, not where you come from or what you are.

3. — What was the party like?

— Wonderful. It is years ___________ I enjoyed myself so much.

4. It was October ___________ they finally came back to their hometown.

5. It was in the lab that was taken charge of by Professor Li ___________ they did the experiment.

6. It will be more than 100 years ___________ the country begins once again to look as it did before.

7. ___________ is it that has made Peter what he is today?

8. I have already forgotten ___________ it was that you put the dictionary.

9. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ___________ it is that I am talking to.

10. It was ___________ he did ___________ frightened me.

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二、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Animals may also become extinct through direct destruction. This includes the hunting and capturing of animals. Humans have always hunted and killed wildlife ???1 ???early humans lived more in harmony with nature, ???2 ???killed animals for essentials like food and clothing. When guns ???3 ???(invent), mass destruction of species was possible. Animals have been, and still are, killed ???4 ???meat, clothing, medicines, feathers, eggs, trophies (戰(zhàn)利品), tourist souvenirs — and sometimes just for amusement. Some species are still captured in the wild for the live pet trade, even though their ???5 ???(number) are decreasing.

The ???6 ???(extinct) of at least 500 species of animals has been caused by man, most of them in this century. Today there are about 5,000 endangered animals and at least one species dies out every year. There are probably many more which become extinct without anyone ???7 ???(know).

? ?8 ???main threats to species then can be cited as poaching (非法狩獵), habitat loss and climate change.? The International Union for Conservation of Nature has its own “red list” of endangered species ???9 ???(range) from “l(fā)east concern” through to “critically endangered”. It is their assessment ???10 ???we will refer to here.

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三、佳作欣賞 下面是一篇摘自全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，其中也包含有強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，用心體會(huì)其用法。

An old man fished by the river and he was so skillful that soon his basket was full of fish. A lovely child came by and the old man would like to give all his fish to him, but the child rejected. Surprised, the man asked for the reason and the child said, “I would like to take your fish pole, because this basket of fish would soon be eaten up, but with the fish pole, I can catch fish myself whenever I want to eat fish all my life.” The little child thought that he could get fish just with the fishing tool, but actually it is the skill to fish that is the key to countless fish. So rather than simply take the tools, we should always learn the way to “fish” in our life.

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. that? 2. that? 3. since? 4. when? 5. that? 6. before? 7. What? 8. where? 9. who? 10. what; that

二、語(yǔ)法填空

本文作者向我們介紹物種滅絕的原因以及瀕危動(dòng)物面臨的狀況。

1. but? 考查連接詞?？盏那昂笫莾蓚€(gè)分句，故填連接詞。根據(jù)兩句間的關(guān)系可知，此處存在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。

2. they? 考查代詞。缺少主語(yǔ)填代詞。they在此指代前面的early humans。

3. were invented? 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，動(dòng)詞invent作謂語(yǔ)，故只需要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式，invent與主語(yǔ)guns存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填一般過(guò)去式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)were invented正確。

4. for? 考查介詞。表目的用介詞for?；蛘吒鶕?jù)下文and sometimes just for amusement. Some species are still captured in the wild for the live pet trade也可知。

5. numbers? 考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)空后的系動(dòng)詞are可知要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

6. extinction? 考查詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換。作主語(yǔ)用名詞形式。

7. knowing ?考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞后需用動(dòng)名詞。

8. The? 考查冠詞。表特指必須用定冠詞。

9. ranging? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，動(dòng)詞range在此作非謂語(yǔ)。此外range與邏輯主語(yǔ)endangered species是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填ranging作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

10. that? 考查連接詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is…that…，故填that。句意：我們將在這里涉及到的就是他們的評(píng)估(本句引出下文)。

助讀詞匯

extinct adj. 滅絕的?????????????? capture vt. 捕獲????????

essentials n. 生活必需品?????????? souvenir n. 紀(jì)念品??????

assessment n. 評(píng)估?????????????? in harmony with 與……和諧??????

mass destruction 大規(guī)模殺傷?????? be cited as 被稱(chēng)為

refer to 涉及??????????????????? critically endangered 極度瀕危

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