First comes autonomy.?

首先是自主需求

We desire to have the freedom of making our own choices and not be forced to do something we don’t want.?

我們渴望擁有做出自己選擇的自由，而不需要被迫去做我們不想做的事情。

Second is competence.

第二是勝任需求

We want to feel that we have the skills required to do the work ourselves, and not be confronted with tasks that we don’t understand.

我們希望感到自己擁有獨立完成工作所需的技能，而不是被迫面對我們根本不理解的任務。

Third is connection.

第三是歸屬需求

We want to experience a sense of belonging, of being needed, and not feel useless or like an outsider.?

我們希望感受到歸屬感、被需要的感覺，而不是覺得自己沒用或像個局外人。

We can think of motivation ranging from “non-self-determined to self-determined.” On the left we have amotivation, in the center extrinsic motivation, and on the right intrinsic motivation.

In terms of quality they range from lower forms to higher forms. Along this spectrum are, according to self determination theory, 6 distinct types,

我們可以認為動機的范圍是“從非自我決定到自我決定”，左邊是缺乏動機，中間是外在動機，右邊是內(nèi)在動機。

就質(zhì)量而言，它們的形式由低級到高級。根據(jù)自我決定理論，

沿著這個譜系有6種不同的類型

amotivation

缺乏動機

extrinsic motivation: externally regulated.

外在動機：外部調(diào)節(jié)。

extrinsic motivation: introjected regulation.

外在動機：內(nèi)攝調(diào)節(jié)。

extrinsic motivation: regulation through identification

外在動機：認同調(diào)節(jié)。

extrinsic motivation: integrated regulation.

外在動機：整合調(diào)節(jié)。

intrinsic motivation

內(nèi)在動機

Now we speak of intrinsic motivation. Regardless of where we are along the spectrum, we all have complex human minds with changing interests and conflicting desires. Doing one thing, we may feel fully motivated — autonomous, competent and connected. But then, the next day, life gets in the way and robs us of our three basic needs — we feel nothing but amotivation.

無論我們在光譜上處于什么位置，我們都有復雜的人類思維，有不斷變化的興趣和相互沖突的欲望。在做一件事時，我們可能會感到有充足的動力，有自主感、勝任感和歸屬感。但是，第二天，我們的三種基本需求卻又突然消失，我們感到毫無動力。

To regain your self-determination, you might want to take a break, seek a change in environment or connect with other people. Self-determination theory was developed by the two American psychologists, Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, in the 1970s. More recent research points to some cultural differences. Many American students' seem to learn to outcompete others. When Chinese study hard, it’s often because they feel guilty if they do not meet expectations.?

要想重獲自我決定，你可能需要休息一下，尋求環(huán)境的改變或與他人交流。自我決定理論是由美國兩位心理學家理查德·瑞安和愛德華·德西在1970年代提出的。而最近的一些研究指出了一些文化上的差異，許多美國學生學習似乎是為了超越他人，而中國學生努力學習往往是因為如果他們沒有滿足期望，就會感到內(nèi)疚。

On the interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, Deci said: “Sure, money motivates, but that’s not the point. The point is that while money is motivating people, it is also undermining their intrinsic motivation. ”

關于外在動機和內(nèi)在動機之間的相互作用。德西說，“當然，金錢可以激勵人，但這不是重點，重點是，在金錢激勵人們的同時，也破壞了他們的內(nèi)在動機”。