hello大家好，我是達(dá)達(dá)。在肯尼亞，腐敗是一個持續(xù)的威脅，社會企業(yè)家Wanjira Mathai說——要在那里（以及其他任何地方）制止腐敗，我們需要及早干預(yù)這種狀況。作為一名母親、政治活動家、諾貝爾獎獲得者，馬塔伊分享了三種根除腐敗文化的策略，即教導(dǎo)兒童和年輕人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、目標(biāo)和正直。
演講者：Wanjira Mathai

演講題目: 3 ways to uproot a culture of corruption

Have you ever been robbed? Or had something you value forcibly taken from you against your will? It's violating. Feelings of fury, of assault and of helplessness. That's what corruption feels like. Corruption is theft. It is corrosive, it is criminal, it is toxic and it is predatory.

你被搶劫過嗎？或者，有人強(qiáng)行奪走過你所珍視的東西嗎？這是一種侵犯。這讓人感覺到氣憤、羞辱、無能為力。這就是貪污腐敗給人帶來的感覺。貪污就是盜竊。它是一種腐蝕，它是一種犯罪，它是一種鳩毒，它是一種掠奪。

?

Now, I'm from Kenya, and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms. I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you. This is my hometown of Nairobi. I love Nairobi. It's beautiful. But it is a city of paradoxes. It is at once beautiful and challenging. But at the heart of this beautiful city that I call home is Karura Forest, an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere.

我來自肯尼亞，在肯尼亞，貪污腐敗有很多種不同的形式。我想與你們分享卡魯拉森林的故事。這是我的家鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)羅畢。我很愛內(nèi)羅畢；它很美麗。但這也是一個充滿矛盾的城市。它很美麗，但也充滿挑戰(zhàn)。然而，在這個我稱之為家鄉(xiāng)的美麗城市的中心地帶，是卡魯拉森林。這是一片令任何一個城市都會羨慕的廣袤綠洲。

?

We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption. Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai, that Karura Forest is under attack. There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest. Government officials had stolen the forest. They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura to their friends and cronies.

我們差一點就因為貪污腐敗而失去了卡魯拉森林。卡魯拉森林即將遭到毀壞的消息，傳到了我的母親旺加里 · 馬泰 的耳朵里。在森林當(dāng)中將會有一片建筑工地。政府官員竊取了森林，他們將卡魯拉森林強(qiáng)行分割，并出售或贈送給了他們的親朋好友。

?

Now in 1977, my mother founded the Green Belt Movement to plant trees across Kenya, restore green spaces and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest. She got together her friends and allies, and together, they created what became one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world. It was therefore no surprise that when word got to her that Karura was under attack, they immediately sprang into action.

在1977年的時候，我的母親創(chuàng)立了“綠帶運動”，致力于在肯尼亞各地植樹，修復(fù)綠色空間，保護(hù)像卡魯拉森林一樣的綠色空間。她把朋友與同盟團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，與他們一道創(chuàng)建了這個世界上最成功的植樹運動之一。不出所料，當(dāng)她聽說卡魯拉森林正遭受危機(jī)時，他們立即行動起來了。

?

They battled police and hired goons to stop the theft of this forest. But fortunately, there was an uprising of support from the clergy, politicians, students and the general public, all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed. And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense for the authorities to subdue. And Karura Forest was saved.

他們與警方和受雇的幫手抗?fàn)?，阻止森林資源被盜竊。幸運的是，支持他們的力量日益強(qiáng)大，這股力量來自于牧師、政客、學(xué)生以及廣大群眾。他們都站了出來，向腐敗與貪婪說不。沒過多久，這股力量就強(qiáng)大到讓當(dāng)局屈服了?？斃值镁攘?。

?

In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities, its expansion beyond Kenya and an extremely important growing consensus around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received -- that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked. I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago trying to protect Karura Forest was not an isolated incident. The corruption and greed that manifested itself then is alive and well today, from greedy politicians and public servants willing to loot public coffers at their expense.

在2000年，我加入了母親的綠帶運動，并見證了這個運動的宣傳規(guī)模如何一步步擴(kuò)大，在肯尼亞以外的擴(kuò)展，以及一種圍繞她于2004年獲得的諾貝爾和平獎的重要共識。即環(huán)境、民主與和平，三者密不可分。同時我也意識到，我的母親在那么多年前保護(hù)卡魯拉森林時所面對的，并不是一個孤立的事件。當(dāng)時的政府展現(xiàn)出的腐敗與貪婪，如今依舊盛行。貪婪的政客與公務(wù)員能夠為了一己私利去搶掠公庫。

?

Corruption is everywhere. Now, corruption is devastating to any economy, democracy and the environment. It robs citizens of vital social services and renders human life worthless. When young men are willing to join gangs and brutalize their communities for a small fee, and women are raped on the way to work, and, when they report this, the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail, and when young girls have to sell their bodies to buy sanitary towels, you know the society is broken.

貪污腐敗無處不在。貪污腐敗對任何經(jīng)濟(jì)體、民主國家和環(huán)境都具有破壞性。它從公民身上奪走了至關(guān)重要的社會服務(wù)， 使人們的生活失去價值。當(dāng)年輕人情愿加入幫派，為了一些蠅頭小利施行暴力；當(dāng)婦女因在上班途中被強(qiáng)暴而報案，施暴者卻能通過賄賂免于牢獄之災(zāi)；當(dāng)年輕的姑娘們出賣身體，只為了有錢購買衛(wèi)生巾時；你就知道，這個社會已經(jīng)崩塌了。

?

In recent years, Kenya has been ranked amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world. Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses a third of her national budget to corruption each year. That is six billion dollars. It is totally unacceptable. In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored and interfered with, we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice. We cannot complain forever. We either decide that we're going to live with it or we are going to change it.

近幾年來，肯尼亞被評為世界上貪腐現(xiàn)象最嚴(yán)重的十大國家之一。更令我沮喪的是，肯尼亞每年的國家預(yù)算有三分之一因為貪腐而流失，金額達(dá)到60億美金。這令人完全無法接受。當(dāng)這個國家的反腐舉措令人沮喪、被人無視、甚至遭受阻撓時，我們絕對需要新的策略來應(yīng)對這個惡習(xí)。我們不能永遠(yuǎn)只是抱怨。要么下定決心忍受它，要么就去改變它。

?

There's some good news. Human beings are not born corrupt. At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture that promotes individual gain over collective progress. So if we're going to uproot corruption, we have got to start before it ever takes root. We have got to intervene early. I don't know about your country, but where I come from, youth will lead us into the future.

當(dāng)然也有一些好消息。人并非生來貪腐。在某一個時間點，這些行為從個人利益高于集體進(jìn)步的思想中滋生開來。因此，如果我們要根除貪污腐敗，就要在它扎根之前采取行動。我們需要盡早介入。我不知道你們的國家是怎樣的，但是在我的國家，年輕人將帶領(lǐng)我們走向未來。

?

In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35. But by their own admission, they have conflicting values. Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us they will do anything to make money. An additional 45 percent said corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business. Seventy-three percent said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in for fear of retribution.

如今的肯尼亞，80%的人口年齡在35歲以下。但他們自己也承認(rèn)，他們的價值觀存在沖突。58%的肯尼亞青年最近告訴我們，他們?yōu)榱藪赍X什么都可以做。另有45%的年輕人說，腐敗是做生意的一種合法工具。有73%的人說他們不愿意堅守自己的信念，因為害怕遭受報應(yīng)。

?

What I learned from my mother a few years ago was this concept of "the power of one" -- that each of us can be potent agents of change and that together, we are a force, that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation and no problem is too big. My mother understood this so profoundly that it was at the center of her work.

幾年前，我從我的母親那里學(xué)到了一個概念——“個體的力量”。我們每個人都可以是變革的有力推動者，匯集在一起，就是一股強(qiáng)大的力量。如果我們齊心協(xié)力，就可以改變現(xiàn)狀，再大的問題都難不倒我們。我的母親非常深刻地意識到，這就是她工作的核心。

?

Shifting cultures takes patience, persistence and commitment, and it is extremely slow and deep work. But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started. And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name to do exactly that but to work with young people and children to begin to build character and personal leadership, to inspire purpose and integrity. But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad.

改變文化需要耐心、堅持以及承諾。這是一項極其緩慢且深入的工作。但是如果我們想要改變文化，就必須行動起來。自她去世以來，我們以她的名義建立了基金會，就是為了從事這項工作。而且，我們召集了很多年輕人和兒童，幫助他們及早培養(yǎng)人格和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，激勵他們塑造人生目標(biāo)和氣節(jié)。但是對抗腐敗并不是簡單地說腐敗不好。

?

Now, here are three strategies that we are employing that we believe can be replicated in any school community. First, we must understand the why: Why does corruption happen in the first place? Do we call it for what it is -- theft -- or do we gloss over it with other words? When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like to deal with corruption, they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future, to model what they've been taught.

我們采取了三種策略，我們認(rèn)為這些在任何一個學(xué)?；蛏鐓^(qū)都可以被復(fù)制。第一點，我們要理解“為什么”。為什么腐敗的現(xiàn)象一開始會發(fā)生？我們是應(yīng)該直呼其名——盜竊，還是用其他的名稱來掩飾這種行為？當(dāng)年幼的孩子可以模仿應(yīng)對貪腐是什么樣的行為和感受，當(dāng)他們將來遇到這樣的困境時，就更有可能模仿自己被教授的內(nèi)容。

?

Second, we need to teach character explicitly. Now, this may seem obvious, but a child who exhibits a growth mindset and a sense of self-control is self-confident. And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe.

第二點，我們要明確地塑造優(yōu)秀的人格品質(zhì)。這一點看上去顯而易見，但一個表現(xiàn)出成長性思維和自控力的孩子，是自信的；而一個自信的孩子更有可能捍衛(wèi)自己的信念。

?

Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like to call corruption out when they see it, what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed and, for me, to make the more and most important connection between human suffering on one hand and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other.

第三點，我們需要盡早培養(yǎng)孩子的個人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，讓他們有機(jī)會明白，在看到貪腐現(xiàn)象時如何站出來，當(dāng)他們被需要時應(yīng)該站出來。對我而言，要在人類的痛苦與腐敗、貪婪和自私之間建立更多更重要的聯(lián)系。

?

We have got to believe in our capacity to bring about the future we want to see, each of us in our small way. Young people must believe that a new reality is possible. Corruption, climate change, ecosystem collapse, biodiversity loss -- all these issues need leadership.

要堅信，只要每個人都能盡一點微薄之力，我們就有能力實現(xiàn)我們所憧憬的未來。年輕人要相信，一種新的現(xiàn)實是可能的。貪污腐敗，氣候變化，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰，生物多樣性缺失——所有這些問題都需要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力來解決。

?

And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal, "In the final analysis, we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand and we will understand only what we are taught."

就像塞內(nèi)加爾的巴巴 · 迪奧姆所說的那樣，“歸根結(jié)底，我們只會守我們所愛，愛我們所知，知我們所學(xué)?！?/p>

?

Thank you.

謝謝。