牧游社 牧有漢化翻譯

Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #15 – Slavery

Wizzington, Game Director Victoria 3

It's Thursday again, which means it's time for another Victoria 3 development diary. Today's subject of slavery is a rather heavy one, being both one of the most significant political issues of the Victorian era as well a story of untold suffering on a human level. For this reason, before I start getting into the mechanics of slavery I want to briefly explain our philosophy behind its representation in Victoria 3.

又到周四——又一篇維多利亞3開發(fā)日志到來的時(shí)候啦。今天我們來聊聊一個(gè)相當(dāng)沉重的話題：奴隸制Slavery，它既是維多利亞時(shí)代最重要的政治問題之一，也是人類層面上無法言說的苦難故事。出于這個(gè)原因，在我開始進(jìn)入奴隸制的機(jī)制之前，我想簡述一下我們?cè)诰S多利亞 3的游戲表象背后的哲學(xué)。

Slavery is, obviously, a horrific crime against humanity and precisely for this reason, many games that have a slavery-related setting or mechanics will either leave it out of the game or abstract it into something that's less 'on the nose' (for example by simply applying some form of economic bonus at the expense of decreased stability). For Victoria 3, we don’t think these options work for us for two main reasons.

顯然，奴隸制是一種可怕的反人類罪行，因此，許多與奴隸制相關(guān)的游戲要么閉口不談，要么將其抽象為不那么“引人注目”的東西（例如通過簡單地以降低穩(wěn)定性為代價(jià)來獲得某種形式的經(jīng)濟(jì)紅利）。在維多利亞3中，我們不會(huì)采用類似措施，主要有兩個(gè)原因。

The first reason is that as I mentioned before, it was an important political issue of the day and was a major catalyst for several significant conflicts, most notably the American Civil War which would be bizarrely contextless if slavery did not play a significant role in the game. The other, and most important reason, is that through our Pop system we are trying to represent every individual human on the planet from 1836, so what statement would we be making if we simply wrote all enslaved individuals out of history, or reduced them into an abstract set of modifiers?

首先，如上文所說，奴隸制是當(dāng)時(shí)一個(gè)重要的政治問題，是幾場重大沖突的導(dǎo)火索，最顯著的就是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)——如果游戲中沒有出現(xiàn)奴隸制，這場戰(zhàn)爭會(huì)變得毫無背景、發(fā)生得十分離奇。另一個(gè)，也是最重要的原因是，通過我們的人口系統(tǒng)，我們?cè)噲D將從 1836 年以來地球上的每一個(gè)人表示出來，如果我們簡單地將所有被奴役的人從歷史中刪除，或者將他們簡化為一系列抽象的數(shù)值修正，那我們之前說的話還作不作數(shù)呢？

Instead, our aim is to try and represent the institution, systems and causes of slavery, as well as the people who lived under and fought against it, as close to history as we can get it. We simply believe this to be the most respectful way for us to handle this topic, as well as the way that's most true to the game Victoria 3 aspires to be. With that said, let's get into the actual mechanics of how slavery and slave pops function in Victoria 3.

相反，我們的目標(biāo)是嘗試和表現(xiàn)奴隸制的形成、制度和成因，以及生活在它之下并與之抗?fàn)幍娜藗?，并且盡可能地接近歷史。我們只是相信這是我們處理這個(gè)話題的最尊重的方式，也是我們最希望維多利亞3表現(xiàn)出的最真實(shí)的模式。話雖如此，讓我們接著來聊聊維多利亞3中奴隸制和奴隸人口實(shí)際運(yùn)作的機(jī)制。

As was mentioned in the Employment and Qualifications dev diary, slaves are what Victoria 2 would have called a 'Pop Type' and Victoria 3 calls a 'Profession', but function in a significantly different way from other Pops. For one, slaves do not get hired with the enticement of a wage and do not have the freedom to choose the place they work. Slaves also aren't just able to stop being slaves by switching their Profession to one that does offer a wage and freedom of movement.

正如關(guān)于就業(yè)和資格的那篇開發(fā)日志中所提到的，奴隸是維多利亞2中的“人口類型”、維多利亞3中的“職業(yè)”，但其功能與其他Pop截然不同。一方面，奴隸不是靠工資的誘惑而被雇傭的，也沒有選擇工作地點(diǎn)的自由。奴隸也不能通過改變職業(yè)、成為自由勞動(dòng)力的方式來停止做奴隸。

These Slaves are given the bare minimum of goods not to starve, resulting in a very slight population increase over time but a generally miserable existence for the people that make up the Pop

這些奴隸被提供了最基本的免于餓死的商品，導(dǎo)致他們的數(shù)量隨著時(shí)間的推移而略有增加，但對(duì)于組成Pop的人們來說，他們的生活普遍悲慘。

Buildings that 'employ' slaves also do so in a way that differs from the way they employ other Professions. The gist of how this works is that in a state that has slaves, certain buildings (for example plantations) that employ laborers or peasants can fill each available position for those Professions with either a laborer/peasant or a slave. As an example, a Cotton Plantation in a slave state that has the capacity to employ 4000 laborers could fill that capacity with 2240 slaves and 1760 laborers, 4000 laborers and 0 slaves, or any other combination of the two less or equal to 4000. Generally buildings will prefer acquiring slaves over hiring free laborers whenever possible for the economic benefits it brings.

“雇用”奴隸的建筑也和雇傭其他職業(yè)的建筑不同。其運(yùn)作方式是，在一個(gè)有奴隸的地區(qū)，雇用勞工或農(nóng)民的某些建筑物（例如種植園）既可以用工人/農(nóng)民也可以奴隸來填補(bǔ)這些職業(yè)的空缺。例如，一個(gè)棉花種植園可容納4000名勞動(dòng)力，它可以雇用2240個(gè)奴隸和1760名勞工，或是雇用4000名勞工和0名奴隸，或是兩者任意總數(shù)少于或等于4000的組合。只要可以，建筑會(huì)更喜歡獲取奴隸而不是雇用自由勞動(dòng)力，因?yàn)榍罢呖梢詭斫?jīng)濟(jì)利益。

So what are those economic benefits? Well, first, it should be understood that said economic benefits are mostly for the owners of the building, meaning a bunch of wealthy aristocrats in the case of Cotton Plantations. Instead of paying wages, each building decides a standard of living based on factors such as laws and profitability and purchases the 'necessary' goods for that target standard of living. This target SoL may not always be at the level of outright starvation but is never going to be anything but a very basic existence.

那么這些經(jīng)濟(jì)利益是什么呢？我們首先應(yīng)該明白，所說的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益主要是給建筑的所有者的，在棉花種植園的情況下，受益者是一幫有錢的貴族。使用奴隸的話，每棟建筑不必支付工資，而是根據(jù)法律和盈利能力等因素來決定一個(gè)生活水平，并以該生活水平為目標(biāo)購買“必需”商品。這個(gè)目標(biāo)生活水平可能并不總是徹底饑餓，但絕對(duì)只是維持在一個(gè)非?；镜乃缴?。

The cost to purchase said goods is simply added as a building expense and is virtually always going to be cheaper than employing paid labor, which translates into lower costs, higher profits and increased dividends for the building owners. Slaves also do not pay taxes in any form, so if the government wants to convert those profits into revenue, they have to do so through the various forms of wealth-based taxes that are always going to be deeply unpopular with the powerful elite.

購買上述商品的成本只是作為建筑的開支來計(jì)算的，而且總是比雇用有償勞動(dòng)力便宜，這意味著成本更低、利潤更高，并能為所有者增加利潤。奴隸也不以任何形式納稅，因此如果政府想要將這些利潤轉(zhuǎn)化為收入，他們必須通過各種形式的基于財(cái)富的稅收來實(shí)現(xiàn)，而這些稅收總是收到權(quán)勢(shì)精英的抵制。

These Tobacco plantations on Cuba have fully replaced the usual Laborer workforce with Slaves instead, leading to greater wealth for the Aristocrats

古巴的這些煙草種植園用奴隸完全取代了通常的勞動(dòng)力，從而為貴族帶來了更多的財(cái)富。

However, there is one economic advantage to slavery that goes a little beyond just enriching aristocrats: Slave pops have a higher ratio of workforce to dependents than other pops, meaning that a population of 100k slaves can supply the labor needs of a greater number of buildings than a population of 100k laborers. The key thing here is of course that not all buildings can utilize slaves, so this isn't going to be doing any good for an industrialized manufacturing economy, but a country that aims to keep its economy agriculture/plantation-focused and suffers from a labor shortage may find the brutal economics of slavery to work in its favor, if they’re willing to stomach the human cost and stamp down on any resistance.

然而，奴隸制的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)不僅僅是讓貴族發(fā)財(cái)：奴隸Pop的勞動(dòng)力與受撫養(yǎng)人的比率高于其他Pop，這意味著10萬奴隸能比10萬勞工滿足更多建筑物的勞動(dòng)力需求。這里的關(guān)鍵當(dāng)然是，并非所有建筑物都要使用奴隸，這對(duì)工業(yè)化制造業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有任何好處，但對(duì)于一個(gè)旨在保持其農(nóng)業(yè)/種植園經(jīng)濟(jì)并存在勞動(dòng)力短缺的國家可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)奴隸制的殘酷經(jīng)濟(jì)有利可圖，如果他們?cè)敢獬袚?dān)人道成本并消除任何阻力的話。

So what of that resistance? Well, given that slavery is founded entirely on human misery, slaves are naturally not going to be content with their lot in life, and will attempt to resist by whatever means are available to them. Mechanically this translates into a steady stream of radicalized slaves and the threat of turmoil and slave uprisings. This threat to a slave society can usually be averted with sufficiently repressive measures, but fear and violence is not a good foundation for a completely stable country.

那么反抗呢？咳，由于奴隸制完全建立在人類的苦難之上，奴隸們自然不會(huì)滿足于他們的生活，且會(huì)嘗試以任何可能的方式反抗。從游戲機(jī)制上來說，這意味著源源不斷的激進(jìn)奴隸，以及動(dòng)亂和奴隸起義的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這種對(duì)奴隸社會(huì)的威脅通?？梢酝ㄟ^足夠多的鎮(zhèn)壓來避免，但恐懼和暴力不是一個(gè)完全穩(wěn)定的國家的良好基礎(chǔ)。

Of course, resistance to slavery doesn't just come from the slaves themselves, but also from Abolitionists, both internally in your country (in the form of characters and Interest Groups with the Abolitionist ideology) and externally in the form of Abolitionist-led countries that may hinder or put pressure on slave regimes that aren’t strong enough to resist them. The most notable historical example here being Britain and its naval efforts to stamp out the trans-atlantic slave trade in the 19th century.

當(dāng)然，反抗奴隸制的不僅僅是奴隸本身，還有廢奴主義者。他們既來自于你的國家內(nèi)部（以具有廢奴主義意識(shí)形態(tài)的人物或利益集團(tuán)的形式），也來自于國外由廢奴主義者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國家。這些國家可能會(huì)對(duì)沒有強(qiáng)大到足以抵抗他們的奴隸政權(quán)妨礙或施壓。這方面最著名的歷史事件就是19世紀(jì)大不列顛及其海軍對(duì)打擊跨大西洋奴隸貿(mào)易所付出的努力。

With the explanation out of the way, let's talk about slavery laws. These are what govern who (if anyone) is enslaved or emancipated and where (if anywhere) slavery can exist in your country. They are as follows:

說完這些解釋，讓我們來談?wù)勁c奴隸制相關(guān)的法律。他們決定了誰（如果有的話）被奴役或解放，以及國家中的哪些地區(qū)（如果有的話）可以存在奴隸制。法律有以下這些：

Slavery Abolished:?The law that most countries with advanced economies start with. Under this law, slavery is completely illegal and on its passage any slave pops in the country are immediately emancipated and converted into laborers. If a country with this law comes into possession of land where slaves are living, said slaves are also immediately emancipated as above.

廢除奴隸制：大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的國家在開局時(shí)擁有此法律。根據(jù)這項(xiàng)法律，奴隸制是完全非法的。一旦通過，國家中的任何奴隸人口都會(huì)被立即解放并轉(zhuǎn)變成勞工。如果實(shí)施此法律的國家獲得了有奴隸生活的土地，這些奴隸也會(huì)立即獲得上述解放。

Debt Slavery:?This law is meant to represent traditional systems of generally debt-based slavery, present in a number of economically less advanced and/or decentralized countries. Under Debt Slavery, Pops of low Wealth levels will gradually create a trickle of new slaves (with poorer pops converting into slaves at a higher rate), as individuals sell themselves or others into slavery for economic reasons such as debt repayment. However, under this system, children born to slaves are born free, so slave populations will not grow by themselves.

債務(wù)奴隸制：這條法律旨在體現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)體制下的普遍以債務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的奴隸制，該制度存在于一些經(jīng)濟(jì)不那么發(fā)達(dá)和/或權(quán)力分散的國家。在債務(wù)奴隸制下，由于個(gè)人出于償還債務(wù)等經(jīng)濟(jì)原因?qū)⒆约夯蛩顺鍪蹫榕`，財(cái)富等級(jí)較低的Pop中將會(huì)逐漸產(chǎn)生新的奴隸（越貧窮的人口轉(zhuǎn)化為奴隸的速度越快）。但是，在這種制度下，奴隸所生的孩子是自由民，所以奴隸人口并不會(huì)自然增長。

Slave Trade:?This law is meant to represent the kind of widespread chattel slavery practised in places such as Brazil and Cuba. Under Slave Trade, the children of slaves are born as slaves and new slaves can also be imported from abroad. We'll not go over exactly how slave import works today, but the gist of it is that slaves can be imported from decentralized countries that practice slavery if the importer has an established Interest in the region (more on Interests at a later point).

奴隸貿(mào)易制：這條法律旨在體現(xiàn)在巴西和古巴等地普遍實(shí)行的動(dòng)產(chǎn)奴隸制。在奴隸貿(mào)易制下，奴隸的孩子仍是奴隸，且可以從國外進(jìn)口新的奴隸。今天我們不會(huì)詳細(xì)解釋奴隸進(jìn)口的具體機(jī)制，重點(diǎn)在于，如果進(jìn)口商在實(shí)施奴隸制的權(quán)力分散的國家建立了利益存在Interest，那么他就可以從該地區(qū)進(jìn)口奴隸（之后會(huì)詳細(xì)介紹利益存在）。

Legacy Slavery:?This law is meant to represent countries that have made slave trade illegal but not abolished it altogether, most notably the United States of America. Under Legacy Slavery, the country is divided into Free States and Slave States. In Free States, slavery is illegal and everything functions exactly as if the country had the Slavery Abolished law, while Slave States function as though they had the Slave Trade law with the notable exception that new slaves cannot be imported from abroad. Under this law, slaves also tend to have a slightly higher standard of living for the simple reason that a starving slave population isn't demographically sustainable. This law also plays an important role in how the American Civil War functions in the game, but that's a topic for a later dev diary.

遺留奴隸制：這條法律旨在體現(xiàn)那些將奴隸貿(mào)易定為非法但尚未完全廢除奴隸制的國家，這些國家中最著名的當(dāng)屬美國。在遺留奴隸制下，國家被劃分為自由州和蓄奴州。在自由州，奴隸制是非法的，一切都像國家實(shí)行的是廢除奴隸制那樣；而蓄奴州的運(yùn)作則類似于奴隸貿(mào)易制，不過它們不能從國外進(jìn)口新奴隸。在這條法律下，奴隸們往往也擁有略高的生活水平。原因很簡單，如果奴隸會(huì)餓死的話，就無法維持一定的奴隸人口數(shù)量。這項(xiàng)法律同時(shí)也對(duì)游戲中美國南北戰(zhàn)爭的運(yùn)作原理有很大影響，但這是以后的開發(fā)日志的話題了。

The United States starts the game with the Legacy Slavery law. Surely, nothing will go wrong if they start trying to abolish it right away?

美國在游戲開始時(shí)實(shí)行遺留奴隸制。當(dāng)然，如果他們立即開始廢除這項(xiàng)法律也不會(huì)有什么問題，不是嗎？

Since slavery laws function just like any other laws, it is possible for them to change in different ways: a country with Slave Trade may follow the US example and change to Legacy Slavery as a compromise alternative to abolishing it altogether, and a country that has fully abolished slavery can even try to bring it back. Given that no country in history actually re-legalized chattel slavery after abolishing it, this is very difficult to do (once abolished there will generally be a strong anti-slavery bastion in a country that aren’t going to look kindly on such proposals). Of course, trying to abolish slavery isn’t likely to happen without resistance either - those wealthy aristocrats who benefit from it have a vested interest in defending it, after all.

由于奴隸制相關(guān)的法律和其他法律的運(yùn)作原理是一樣的，它們也可以通過多種不同的方式改變：一個(gè)實(shí)行奴隸貿(mào)易制的國家可能會(huì)仿照美國的例子，將其變?yōu)檫z留奴隸制，以此作為完全廢除奴隸制的妥協(xié)替代方案；而一個(gè)完全廢除奴隸制的國家甚至可以嘗試恢復(fù)奴隸制，因?yàn)樵跉v史上沒有任何一個(gè)國家在廢除動(dòng)產(chǎn)奴隸制之后重新將其合法化，這將很難做到（一旦廢除，國家中通常都會(huì)有一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的反奴隸制堡壘，而他們可不會(huì)對(duì)這樣的提議友好）。當(dāng)然，試圖廢除奴隸制也不大可能在沒有反抗的情況下發(fā)生——畢竟，那些從中受益的有錢的貴族在捍衛(wèi)奴隸制方面有著既得利益。

Lyman Beecher, leader of the Devout Interest Group in the United States, is an ardent opponent of slavery

里曼·比徹，美國虔信徒利益集團(tuán)的領(lǐng)袖，是奴隸制的積極反對(duì)者。

On that note, we've reached the end of this dev diary, though we'll return a bit to this topic in the future when we talk about diplomacy (which isn't that far away now!). Next week we're going to go over the system of States and their related mechanics such as State Regions, Split States and Turmoil.

說到這里，我們已經(jīng)到了這篇開發(fā)日志的結(jié)尾了，但我們以后在講到外交的時(shí)候會(huì)稍微提到這個(gè)話題（就在不遠(yuǎn)的將來?。?。下周我們將談?wù)?strong>地區(qū)State系統(tǒng)以及他們相關(guān)的機(jī)制，例如地域State Regions、分割地區(qū)Split States和動(dòng)亂Turmoil。、

翻譯：萊恩希德公爵 Parapinakes

校對(duì)：三等文官猹中堂

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