游說 / lobbying


「釋義」
游說,是嘗試影響立法人員、或是立法機(jī)構(gòu)成員的政治決定或行為。游說由許多不同類型的人員、組織與團(tuán)體進(jìn)行,包括私人機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)、部分已經(jīng)同意游說目的的立法人員、政府人員、或利益團(tuán)體。
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「應(yīng)用場景」
當(dāng)前的規(guī)則和習(xí)俗授權(quán)企業(yè)以多種方式大量參與政治,從游說和聘用前政府官員到旨在影響選舉和公民表決行動(dòng)的開支。許多高管認(rèn)為,這些做法自然而然、勢所必須且有利可圖。然而,我們的研究以及與全國企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的互動(dòng)顯示出態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的跡象。隨著人們越來越期待企業(yè)在運(yùn)營中肩負(fù)讓所有利害關(guān)系人受益的公司使命,企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者開始努力解決難題:
企業(yè)參與政治是改善商業(yè)環(huán)境還是惡化商業(yè)環(huán)境?
企業(yè)的參與是促進(jìn)了我們的民主——并獲得了公眾對我們的自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的支持——還是侵蝕了二者?
企業(yè)能否在不損害公司利益的情況下改變其參與,以促進(jìn)長期的社會效益??
Current rules and customs empower corporations to participate heavily in politics in multiple ways, from lobbying and hiring former government officials to spending aimed at influencing elections and ballot initiatives. Many executives believe that these practices are natural, necessary, and profitable. However, our research and interactions with business leaders across the country reveal indications of a shift in attitudes. As expectations grow for companies to operate with a corporate purpose that benefits all stakeholders, business leaders are beginning to grapple with hard questions:
Does business’s involvement in politics improve the business environment or worsen it?
Does business’s involvement advance our democracy—and garner public support for our free-market economic system—or erode them both?
Can business shift its involvement to promote long-term societal benefit without jeopardizing corporate interests?
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以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評論》中文版2020年8月刊《邁克爾·波特:修復(fù)美國政治》
凱瑟琳·吉爾(Katherine M. Gehl)邁克爾·波特(Michael E. Porter)丨文
馬冰侖?丨編輯?