正文翻譯

ENDANGERED CALIFORNIA BIRD TO BE REINTRODUCED TO SKIES FOR FIRST TIME IN NEARLY 100 YEARS.

近百年來首次將瀕危加州鳥類重新放歸天空。

The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance announced Thursday that two female critically enDANGered California condors had successfully hatched eggs without the help of male condors.?

圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟周四宣布，兩只極度瀕危的雌性加州禿鷹在沒有雄性禿鷹幫助的情況下已經(jīng)成功孵化了卵。

The discovery of parthenogenesis, or asexual reproduction, was a first for the species and was achieved through the use of molecular genetic testing, the organization said.?

該組織說，單性生殖或者說無性生殖的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是該物種的首次發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是通過分子遺傳測(cè)試實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

The event was detailed this week by the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance's conservation scientists in the American Genetic Association's Journal of Heredity.?

圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟的保護(hù)科學(xué)家們?cè)诒局苡凇睹绹?guó)基因協(xié)會(huì)遺傳雜志》上面，詳細(xì)地介紹了這一事件。

The scientists explained that during a routine analysis of biological samples from the two condors in the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance’s managed breeding program, they confirmed that each condor chick was genetically related to the respective female condor that laid the egg from which it hatched.?

這些科學(xué)家們解釋說，在圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟管理的繁殖計(jì)劃中，對(duì)兩只禿鷹的生物樣本進(jìn)行常規(guī)分析時(shí)，他們確認(rèn)每只禿鷹雛鳥都與下蛋的雌性禿鷹有基因上的關(guān)聯(lián)。

Neither bird was found to be genetically related to a male condor – and researchers tested 467 male condors in the breeding pool as potential fathers – even though the two mother condors, or dams, had been continuously housed with fertile male partners.?

研究人員在繁殖池中測(cè)試了467只可能是父親的雄性禿鷹發(fā)現(xiàn)，這兩只禿鷹雛鳥都沒有與雄性禿鷹有遺傳關(guān)系 —— 盡管這兩只母禿鷹一直在與有生育能力的雄性禿鷹住在一起。

The find, the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance said, was the first in any avian species where the female bird had access to a mate.?

圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟說，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是所有鳥類中第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)雌鳥可以配偶的。

This is truly an amazing discovery," Oliver Ryder, the study's co-author director of conservation genetics at San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, said in a statement. "We were not exactly looking for evidence of parthenogenesis, it just hit us in the face. We only confirmed it because of the normal genetic studies we do to prove parentage. Our results showed that both eggs possessed the expected male ZZ sex chromosomes, but all markers were only inherited from their dams, verifying our findings."

“這真是一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，”該研究的合著者、圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟保護(hù)遺傳學(xué)主任Oliver Ryder（奧利弗·賴德）在一份聲明中說?！拔覀儾⒉皇窃趯ふ覇涡陨车淖C據(jù)，它只是打了我們一個(gè)耳光。我們之所以確認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)，是因?yàn)槲覀冏隽苏５倪z傳學(xué)研究來證明親子關(guān)系。我們的結(jié)果表明，這兩個(gè)卵子都擁有預(yù)期的雄性ZZ性染色體，但所有的標(biāo)記都是從它們的母親身上遺傳的，證實(shí)了我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?/p>

In addition to the California condor parthenotes, both dams had also produced numerous offspring via sexual reproduction with their mates. One had 11 chicks and another who was paired with a male for more than 20 years had 23 chicks and reproduced twice more following the parthenogenesis.

除了加州禿鷹單性生殖之外，這兩個(gè)雌性禿鷹還通過與配偶的有性繁殖生育了大量的后代。其中一只繁育了11只雛鳥，另一只與一只雄性禿鷹配對(duì)超過20年的雌性禿鷹生意了23只雛鳥，在單性生殖后又生育了兩次。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Parthenogenesis – also known as a "virgin birth" – is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which an embryo that is not fertilized by sperm continues to develop, containing solely the genetic materials of the mother. The offspring are called parthenotes.?

單性生殖 —— 也被稱為“處女生殖”—— 是一種自然的無性生殖形式，在這種形式中，未經(jīng)精子受精的胚胎繼續(xù)發(fā)育，只包含母親的遺傳物質(zhì)。這些后代被稱為單性生殖。

The process is relatively rare in birds and instances were confined mainly to domestic birds and normally observed in females who have no access to males.?

這個(gè)過程在鳥類中相對(duì)罕見，主要在于家養(yǎng)鳥類，通常在無法接觸雄性的雌性鳥類中觀察到。

California condors are a critically enDANGered species and the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance said it was through the California Condor Recovery Program and genetics and genomics research that scientists were able to "cross-reference historical genetic records before confirming the outcome of this distinctive case of parthenogenesis."

圣地亞哥動(dòng)物園野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)盟表示，加州禿鷹是一種極度瀕危物種，正是通過加州禿鷹恢復(fù)計(jì)劃和遺傳和基因組學(xué)研究，科學(xué)家們交叉參考?xì)v史基因記錄之后才能夠“確認(rèn)這一獨(dú)特的單性生殖案例?！?/p>

Although one chick died in 2003 at the age of 2 and the other in 2017 at the age of 7, the researchers said they would continue future genotyping efforts in the hopes of identifying other parthenogenetic cases.?

盡管一只加州禿鷹雛鳥在2003年2歲時(shí)死亡，另一只在2017年7歲時(shí)死亡，但研究人員表示，他們將繼續(xù)未來的基因分型工作，以期發(fā)現(xiàn)其他單性生殖的案例。

"These findings now raise questions about whether this might occur undetected in other species," Ryder said.

萊德說：“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了這樣一個(gè)問題：這種情況是否會(huì)在其他物種中產(chǎn)生，卻未被發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?/p>

Breeding efforts to save California condors have produced more than 1,000 chicks and, following the reintroduction of some to the wild, the population has increased to more than 500 both in human care and free-flying in California, Arizona, Utah and Baja California.

為拯救加州禿鷹而進(jìn)行的繁育努力工作已經(jīng)培育出超過1000多只雛鳥，在將一些雛鳥放歸野外后，加州、亞利桑那州、猶他州和下加利福尼亞州通過人類保護(hù)和自由飛行，禿鷹的數(shù)量已經(jīng)增加了500多只。