TED演講者：Becca Heller / 貝卡·海勒

演講標(biāo)題：A safe pathway to resettlement for migrants and refugees / 為移民和難民提供一條安全的重新安置途徑

內(nèi)容概要："Human migration is both inevitable and growing. What are we as a global community doing to address it?" asks human rights lawyer Becca Heller, who believes that every refugee and migrant deserves a safe pathway to resettlement. Through her work with the International Refugee Assistance Project (IRAP), Heller is showing how the power of the law can help displaced people find homes. By providing access to legal information and services, IRAP champions a functional, rights-based leg...

“人類移民不僅不可避免的，而且還在不斷增長(zhǎng)。我們作為一個(gè)全球社區(qū)正在做什么來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題？”人權(quán)律師 Becca Heller 問(wèn)道，她認(rèn)為每個(gè)難民和移民都應(yīng)該有一個(gè)安全的安置途徑。通過(guò)她在國(guó)際難民援助項(xiàng)目（IRAP）的工作，海勒向我們展示法律的力量如何能夠幫助流離失所者找到家園。通過(guò)提供法律信息和服務(wù)，IRAP 倡導(dǎo)一個(gè)實(shí)用的、以權(quán)利為基礎(chǔ)的法律體系，使重新安置者有能力找到長(zhǎng)期的安全環(huán)境。(這個(gè)雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃是 Audacious 項(xiàng)目的一部分，該項(xiàng)目由 TED 倡議，旨在激勵(lì)和資助全球變革。如果你想聽(tīng)到更多關(guān)于 Heller 的工作，請(qǐng)?jiān)谘葜v結(jié)束后繼續(xù)收聽(tīng)“TED Talks”播客，在那里她會(huì)更深入地挖掘她的想法）。

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【1】It's an incredible honor to be here.

非常榮幸能夠在此演講。

【2】And I've met so many wonderful people so far this week.

這周我認(rèn)識(shí)了很多非常優(yōu)秀的人。

【3】And one of the things that I've been thinking about is how, at the end of this week, most of us are going to pack up our bags and go home.

但有一件事始終困擾著我: 這周結(jié)束之后, 我們之中的大多數(shù)收拾完行李 就能輕松回家了。

【4】Going home is a luxury that's not available to everyone.

但對(duì)一些人而言, 回鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)成了一種奢望。

【5】I think top of mind for a lot of people right now is the situation in Ukraine.

可能有很多人 會(huì)立刻聯(lián)想到烏克蘭。

【6】Over four million people forced to flee not just their country, but their home in six weeks.

僅僅六周, 就有超過(guò) 400 萬(wàn)人 被迫逃離祖國(guó), 放棄自己的家園。

【7】And that's just one of the major human migration events happening right now.

除此之外, 還有其他地區(qū)也面臨人口大遷徙。

【8】They may no longer be making headlines, but people are still trying to flee Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, and the list goes on.

或許這些地區(qū) 不再出現(xiàn)在新聞?lì)^條中了, 但其實(shí)仍有很多人在竭力逃離, 比如敘利亞、 阿富汗、厄利垂亞, 以及越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家。

【9】People are forced to flee their homes for any number of reasons.

迫使人們背井離鄉(xiāng)的因素有很多。

【10】War, yes, of course, but also gender-based violence, politically sanctioned persecution, and more and more due to climate change, which estimates say could displace 150 million people in the coming years.

除了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),也包括性別暴力, 和政治迫害, 此外,氣候移民也日益增加。 據(jù)估計(jì),之后數(shù)年內(nèi), 將有 150 萬(wàn)人因氣候變化而移民。

【11】So if human migration is both inevitable and growing, what are we, as a global community, doing to address it?

總之,既然移民大潮無(wú)法避免, 移民人數(shù)也在不斷增加, 那么作為全球社區(qū)一員的我們 該怎么辦呢？

【12】Typically, people attempting to seek safety in a country not their own are forced to languish in dangerous situations for decades, attempting to navigate the suffocating bureaucracy used by different countries to determine who gets to be resettled and where.

一般而言, 到他國(guó)尋求庇護(hù)的移民, 都將被迫在危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境中 煎熬數(shù)十年。 他們必須設(shè)法從各國(guó) 令人窒息的官僚主義中弄清 關(guān)于移民的繁文縟節(jié)。

【13】The United Nations is involved, and every country has its own immigration laws and restrictions.

除了聯(lián)合國(guó)以外, 各國(guó)也有其自己的 移民法案和限制。

【14】And there are multiple interviews required and onerous documentation requests.

而且還需要多次面試, 并提供繁瑣的文件。

【15】Not to mention the difficulty of shepherding your entire family through this process when you’ve been separated, traumatized and have few resources at your disposal.

更不用說(shuō)當(dāng)你與家人不在一起, 受到創(chuàng)傷, 可支配的資源又很少的時(shí)候, 指導(dǎo)你的家庭完成整個(gè)過(guò)程 是多么的困難。

【16】But here's the good news.

但這里有一個(gè)好消息。

【17】It doesn't have to be this way.

它不該一定是這樣的。

【18】Because the same thing that is holding people back can be used to help move them forward to safe refuge: the rule of law.

因?yàn)樽璧K人們前進(jìn)的東西 也可以用來(lái)幫助他們 走向安全的避難所: 那就是法治。

【19】The key is to get legal knowledge into the hands of those who need it most and give them a chance to use the law to open pathways to safety for themselves and their families.

關(guān)鍵是要把法律知識(shí) 送到最需要的人手中, 讓他們有機(jī)會(huì)利用法律 為自己和家人打開(kāi)安全之路。

【20】Although there's an entire industry built around humanitarian aid and response to various crises, that aid typically does not include legal services.

雖然已經(jīng)有一個(gè)完整的行業(yè) 圍繞人道主義援助和應(yīng)對(duì)各種危機(jī), 但這種援助通常不包括法律服務(wù)。

【21】Many people hire a smuggler to take them across a sea or a desert because they don't even know that they qualify for a legal pathway.

許多人雇用偷渡者 帶他們穿越海洋或沙漠, 因?yàn)樗麄兩踔敛恢?他們有資格獲得合法的途徑。

【22】Others may know that they qualify but may not know how to navigate the interviews and the paperwork.

其他人可能知道他們合資格, 但可能不知道如何處理 面試和相關(guān)文書(shū)。

【23】That's why so many people end up stuck in camps for decades.

這就是為什么這么多人 最終被困在難民營(yíng)幾十年的原因。

【24】They're in legal limbo.

他們?cè)诜缮咸幱诿悦顟B(tài)。

【25】In this scenario, access to legal information and legal services is just as crucial as access to food, clothing and shelter.

在這種情況下, 獲得法律信息和法律服務(wù) 就像獲得食物、衣服和住所一樣重要。

【26】And that's where we at the International Refugee Assistance Project, or IRAP, come in.

而這正是我們 國(guó)際難民援助項(xiàng)目（IRAP） 介入的地方。

【27】First, IRAP utilizes technology through a digital platform to make these laws and processes more accessible.

首先, IRAP 通過(guò)利用數(shù)字平臺(tái), 使這些法律和程序更容易獲得。

【28】We give refugees access to timely, accurate and culturally relevant information about their legal rights and options.

我們讓難民獲得及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確 和文化上相關(guān)的信息, 以了解他們的法律權(quán)利和選項(xiàng)。

【29】IRAP also provides direct legal services both on the ground and remotely in partnership with a trained network of front line refugee-serving organizations, pro-bono attorneys and other trusted legal advocates.

IRAP 還與訓(xùn)練有素的 一線難民服務(wù)組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)、 無(wú)償律師和 其他值得信賴的法律倡導(dǎo)者合作, 在當(dāng)?shù)睾瓦h(yuǎn)程提供直接法律服務(wù)。

【30】And finally, as we walk side by side with our clients, through every step of these processes, we're able to identify systemic issues that we can use the law to address and ultimately change for the better.

最后,當(dāng)我們與客戶 并肩走過(guò)這些過(guò)程的每一步時(shí), 我們才能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)性的問(wèn)題, 我們可以利用法律來(lái)解決它們, 并最終改變現(xiàn)狀。

【31】It's these individual cases that illuminate opportunities for broader systemic reform.

正是這些個(gè)案照亮了 更廣泛的系統(tǒng)性改革的機(jī)會(huì)。

【32】Let me give you a case example so you can see what I mean.

讓我給你們一個(gè)案例, 以便你們能明白我的意思。

【33】Aaron and Miriam.

亞倫（Aaron） 和 米麗安（Miriam）,

【34】Not their real names.

并不是她們的真名。

【35】We had to change them for safety reasons, and you'll see why in a second.

為了安全起見(jiàn), 我們不得不使用化名, 你馬上就會(huì)明白其中的原因。

【36】Aaron and Miriam are brother and sister.

亞倫和米麗安是兄妹。

【37】They were separated from their mother when they were all forced to flee from their home in Eritrea when they were children.

在他們還是孩子的時(shí)候,他們就 不得不逃離厄立特里亞, 而且是和母親分開(kāi)逃離。

【38】The kids ended up in a refugee camp in Sudan, and their mother ended up in Germany.

最后孩子們到了 蘇丹的一個(gè)難民營(yíng)里, 而他們的母親則到了德國(guó)。

【39】And in today's dysfunctional system of refugee resettlement, this type of family separation happens all the time.

而在今天 功能失調(diào)的難民安置系統(tǒng)中, 這種類型的家庭分離一直在發(fā)生。

【40】And typically what would happen is either that the kids spend decades stuck in the camp or that their mother would be forced to hire a smuggler to take them on a dangerous journey across the Mediterranean just so she could be with them again.

通常發(fā)生的情況是, 要么孩子們?cè)陔y民營(yíng)里呆了幾十年, 要么他們的母親被迫雇用人蛇, 帶著他們踏上 穿越地中海的危險(xiǎn)旅程, 來(lái)與她能再次團(tuán)聚。

【41】These are both terrible options.

這些都是可怕的選項(xiàng)。

【42】But luckily for Aaron and Miriam, some of the staff in the camp have been trained by IRAP to identify cases eligible for family reunification, which is one type of resettlement pathway.

但幸運(yùn)的是,亞倫和米麗安的 一些工作人員 已經(jīng)接受了 IRAP 的培訓(xùn), 以確定符合家庭團(tuán)聚的案例, 這是一種重新安置的途徑。

【43】So we filed the application to Germany.

于是我們向德國(guó)提出了申請(qǐng)。

【44】So far so good.

到目前為止還不錯(cuò)。

【45】Until the German government denied the application because Aaron and Miriam didn't have passports, which they couldn't get because the Eritrean government considered them to be traitors for fleeing.

直到德國(guó)政府拒絕了這一申請(qǐng), 因?yàn)閬唫惡兔惏矝](méi)有護(hù)照, 他們無(wú)法得到護(hù)照, 是因?yàn)槎蛄⑻乩飦喺J(rèn)為 他們是逃亡的叛徒。

【46】So approaching the embassy to get passports would have put their lives in even more danger.

因此,去大使館申請(qǐng)護(hù)照 會(huì)使他們的生命面臨更大的危險(xiǎn)。

【47】IRAP flagged this as a wrongful, systemic barrier, fought the case in German court on the family's behalf and won.

IRAP 代表這個(gè)家庭 在德國(guó)法院打了官司, 指出這對(duì)難民來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的、 系統(tǒng)性的障礙,并打贏了官司。

【48】(Applause) And I am so happy to tell you that Aaron and Miriam were reunited with their mother in Germany in June of 2021.

（掌聲） 我非常高興地告訴你們, 亞倫和米麗安已經(jīng)在 2021 年 6 月 在德國(guó)與他們的母親團(tuán)聚了。

【49】(Applause) This is a joyful story of family reunification that legal advocacy made possible.

（掌聲） 這是一個(gè)由法律倡導(dǎo)促成的 家庭團(tuán)聚的快樂(lè)故事。

【50】But there's something else at play here that I really want you to see.

但是,我真的希望你們還能 從這個(gè)故事里看到其他一些事情。

【51】And it involves one of my favorite words in the English language: precedent.

這就要說(shuō)道在英語(yǔ)中 我最喜歡的一個(gè)詞: 判例（precedent）。

【52】Yes, I am a legal nerd.

是的, 我是一個(gè)法律呆子。

【53】This is my favorite word, precedent.

這是我最喜歡的詞,判例。

【54】By bringing the case in court, IRAP began to establish a precedent to ease the passport requirement, not just for Aaron and Miriam, but for thousands of other refugee children in similar situations.

通過(guò)向法院提起訴訟, IRAP 建立一個(gè)判例, 而且為其他成千上萬(wàn)處于類似情況的 難民兒童放寬護(hù)照要求。

【55】When legal service providers walk side by side with our clients through every step of these immigration processes, we're able to identify the obstacles that are preventing people from reaching safety.

當(dāng)法律服務(wù)提供者與我們的客戶 并肩走過(guò)這些移民程序的每一步時(shí), 我們就能夠確定阻礙人們達(dá)到安全處境的障礙。

【56】Do that often enough, and you start to see patterns in the obstacles.

經(jīng)常這樣做之后, 你就會(huì)開(kāi)始看到這些障礙中的模式。

【57】And when we find a pattern, we can advocate to change the underlying law that's creating the obstacle in the first place.

當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種模式時(shí), 我們可以倡導(dǎo)改變 最初造成障礙的基礎(chǔ)法律 。

【58】It's the patterns that allow us to open pathways to resettlement at scale.

正是這些模式使我們能夠?yàn)?大規(guī)模的重新安置打開(kāi)通道。

【59】This was all put to the test in Afghanistan.

這一切都在阿富汗得到了檢驗(yàn)。

【60】For the past 20 years, thousands of Afghans have worked in essential and lifesaving jobs on behalf of the US government.

在過(guò)去的 20 年里, 數(shù)以千計(jì)的阿富汗人代表美國(guó)政府 從事基礎(chǔ)性及拯救生命的工作。

【61】They've been interpreters, truck drivers and computer scientists.

他們?cè)强谧g員、 卡車(chē)司機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家。

【62】And because of their US affiliation, the Taliban has spent those same 20 years trying to track them down and kill them.

而由于他們與美國(guó)的關(guān)系, 塔利班也花了這 20 年時(shí)間 試圖追蹤并殺死他們。

【63】So all the way back in 2009, Congress, in response to this very real threat, created a special visa program for Afghan allies of the United States.

因此,早在 2009 年,美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì) 為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一非常真實(shí)的威脅, 為美國(guó)的阿富汗盟友 創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)特別簽證計(jì)劃。

【64】The purpose of the visa was to provide those whose lives were in imminent danger with quick resettlement to the US.

該簽證的目的 是為那些性命處于緊迫危險(xiǎn)中的人 提供快速重新安置到美國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。

【65】But at IRAP, we knew that this program was broken.

但在 IRAP, 我們知道這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是失敗的。

【66】We knew this because we were helping more than 1,000 Afghans try to navigate this visa process, and we began to see a pattern.

我們知道這一點(diǎn),因?yàn)槲覀儺?dāng)時(shí) 正在幫助 1000 多名阿富汗人 嘗試辦理這個(gè)簽證, 我們開(kāi)始看到一個(gè)模式。

【67】It was taking on average more than four years for the US government to issue these "urgent" visas.

美國(guó)政府簽發(fā)這些“緊急”簽證 平均需要四年多的時(shí)間。

【68】Which meant that our allies and their families were at risk of Taliban assassination because the US couldn't stamp their passports quickly enough.

這意味著我們的盟友和他們的家人 面臨著被塔利班暗殺的風(fēng)險(xiǎn), 只因?yàn)槊绹?guó) 無(wú)法快速在他們的護(hù)照上蓋章。

【69】So in response, we gathered our knowledge from all of these cases, filed a class action lawsuit, and in 2020, we won.

因此,作為回應(yīng), 我們收集了所有這些案件的資料, 提起了集體訴訟, 在 2020 年,我們贏了。

【70】(Applause) A court ordered the US government to process these backlog applications in a timely fashion, treating our clients' cases with the urgency that the situation warranted.

（掌聲） 法院命令美國(guó)政府及時(shí)地處理 這些積壓的申請(qǐng), 以形勢(shì)所需的緊迫性 對(duì)待我們客戶的案件。

【71】Now, as you all well know, the US withdrawal from Afghanistan has created a whole new level of chaos.

現(xiàn)在,你們都知道的, 美國(guó)從阿富汗撤軍 已經(jīng)造成了一個(gè)全新的混亂局面。

【72】But our model has allowed us to continue utilizing technology to get crucial llegal information into the hands of our allies who have not yet been able to flee.

但我們的模式使我們 能夠繼續(xù)利用技術(shù), 將關(guān)鍵的法律信息送到 尚未能逃離的盟友手中。

【73】We're still in court and in the halls of Congress, demanding their urgent evacuation and protection.

我們?nèi)匀辉诜ㄍド?和國(guó)會(huì)大廳里, 要求他們提供緊急疏散和保護(hù)。

【74】And we're going to keep looking for obstacles to take down and using the law to empower refugees, just like we always have, because that is the best way to get these folks to long-lasting safety.

我們將繼續(xù)尋找可以拆除的障礙, 并利用法律賦予難民權(quán)力, 就像我們一直以來(lái)所做的那樣, 因?yàn)檫@是讓這些人 獲得長(zhǎng)期安全的最佳途徑。

【75】(Applause) The last thing I'll say is this.

（掌聲） 我要說(shuō)的最后一件事是這個(gè)。

【76】When faced with the reality that human movement is in fact inevitable, countries have two choices.

當(dāng)面對(duì)實(shí)際上不可避免的 人口遷徙這一現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí), 各國(guó)有兩個(gè)選擇。

【77】They can build walls and prisons and separate children from their parents, or they can create fair and transparent legal systems that facilitate safe and organized migration and resettlement.

他們可以建造圍墻和監(jiān)獄, 將兒童與他們的父母分開(kāi), 也可以建立公平 和透明的法律制度, 促進(jìn)安全和有組織的 移民和安置方案。

【78】Functional rights-based legal systems help everybody.

以權(quán)利為基礎(chǔ)的有效的法律體系 可以幫助所有人。

【79】But unfortunately, there are those who find it more advantageous to demonize migrants and politicize refugee crises than to make serious plans to address global migration in a safe, orderly and dignified way.

但不幸的是, 有些人認(rèn)為將移民妖魔化, 將難民危機(jī)政治化, 比制定認(rèn)真的計(jì)劃,以安全、有序和 有尊嚴(yán)的方式處理全球移民問(wèn)題 更加有利。

【80】Through this work, I have met so many people who embody the traits that we praise in entrepreneurs and thought leaders.

通過(guò)這項(xiàng)工作, 我遇到了很多人, 他們體現(xiàn)了我們所稱贊的 企業(yè)家和思想領(lǐng)袖的特質(zhì)。

【81】It takes tenacity, creativity and bravery to get yourself and your family to a new country to begin your life over again.

要讓自己和家人 到一個(gè)新的國(guó)家重新開(kāi)始生活, 需要堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神、 創(chuàng)造力和勇氣。

【82】In my opinion, countries should be competing for refugees.

在我看來(lái), 各國(guó)應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)奪難民。

【83】But at the very least, everyone should have a safe place to call home and a safe way to get there.

但至少, 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有一個(gè)安全的地方 可以稱之為家, 并有安全的方式到達(dá)那里。

【84】I wish all of you a safe journey home.

我祝愿你們所有的人 都能平安到家。

【85】And thank you.

謝謝大家。

【86】(Applause and cheers)