?? ? 在各校醫(yī)學(xué)考博的真題中，都曾經(jīng)不止一次的出現(xiàn)過“腦力工作者”的考點。我們都知道普遍意義上的勞動分為腦力勞動(mental labor)和體力勞動(manual labor)兩種。如今，一種新的勞動形式emotional labor(情緒勞動)走入我們的視野。你聽說過嗎?

　　Emotional labor is a form of emotional regulation where in workers are expected to display certain emotions as part of their job, and to promote organizational goals. The intended effects of these emotional displays are on other, targeted people, who can be clients, customers, subordinates or co-workers.

　　情緒勞動(emotional labor)指要求員工在工作時展現(xiàn)某種特定情緒以達(dá)到其所在職位工作目標(biāo)的勞動形式。這些特定情緒針對的目標(biāo)人群有：客戶、顧客、下屬，或者同事。

? ? ??Example professions that require emotional labor are that of nurses and doctors, waiting staff, actors (e.g. in a movie kiss), as well as airline stewardesses.

? ? ? ? 有情緒勞動需求的職業(yè)有：護(hù)士、醫(yī)生、服務(wù)員、演員(比如要在電影中表演接吻場景)，以及空乘人員等。

　　Jobs involving emotional labor are defined as those that:

　　有情緒勞動需求的職業(yè)一般有如下特點：

? ??? require face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact with the public

　　需要與公眾有面對面接觸或者通過聲音接觸

? ? ?require the worker to produce an emotional state in another person

　　需要員工為他人營造某種情緒狀態(tài)

? ? ??allow the employer, through training and supervision3, to exercise a degree of control over the emotional activities of employees.

　　允許雇主通過培訓(xùn)和監(jiān)督對員工的情緒活動有一定掌控能力。